Northeast BC Water Stewardship Information Sources

To search the database, enter terms such as topics (e.g., permafrost, environmental flows) or locations (e.g., Dawson Creek, boreal plain) or authors (e.g., Dave Wilford, Allan Chapman) to find records. The search terms should be separated by a space. To view a record, click on the Resource Name and the full record will be displayed.

Resource Name	Organization	Information Type	Information Subtype	Resource Name (extended)	Purpose
A baseline and watershed assessment in the Lynx Creek, Brenot Creek and Portage Creek watersheds, near Hudson's Hope, BC (Summary Report)	BC Ministry of Environment	Applied Research	water quality	Matscha, G. et al. 2005. A baseline and watershed assessment in the Lynx Creek, Brenot Creek and Portage Creek watersheds, near Hudson's Hope, BC (Summary Report). BC Ministry of Environment. 27 p.	"This document is a summary of the 1st year baseline monitoring results for the Lynx, Brenot and Portage watersheds, following completion of the planned one year program."
A desk-top method for establishing environmental flows in Alberta rivers and streams	Alberta Environment and Alberta Sustainable Resource Development	water management Programs and Tools	environmental flows	Locke, A and Paul, A. 2011. A desk-top method for establishing environmental flows in Alberta rivers and streams. Alberta Environment and Alberta Sustainable Resource Development.	The enclosed technical report, A Desk-top Method for Establishing Environmental Flows in Alberta Rivers and Streams, identifies a method to estimate an ecologically-based flow regime on the basis of reductions from natural flow or the per cent exceedance from natural flow. It also provides background information and a jurisdictional review of current environmental flows (commonly known as instream flow needs) knowledge in North American and international rivers. The method has been peer reviewed by several instream flow specialists from academic and other government jurisdictions. The report was prepared jointly by Alberta Environment and Alberta Sustainable Resource Development in support of the outcomes and goals identified in the provincial Water for Life strategy and action plan.
A discussion paper exploring the science, policy, and climate change considerations associated with a TSS [Temperature Sensitive Streams] procedure.	Ministry of Environment	Applied Research	water quality	Reese, Hansen, L et al. 2012. A discussion paper exploring the science, policy, and climate change considerations associated with a TSS designation procedure. Fisheries Management Report No. RD123. 75p.
A field guide to the wetlands of the boreal plains ecozone of Canada	Ducks Unlimited	inventory	wetland	Smith, K.B., C.E. Smith, S.F. Forest, and A.J. Richard. 2007. A Field Guide to the Wetlands of the Boreal Plains Ecozone of Canada. Ducks Unlimited Canada, Western Boreal Office: Edmonton, Alberta. 98 pp.	This guide provides a field guide to a remote sensing-based wetland classification system that is applicable to the Boreal Plains ecozone of Canada. The Boreal Plains ecozone covers 740,632 square kilometers of the 2.6 million square kilometers of the Western Boreal Forest and extends across portions of British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba (Figure 1). Forest cover is predominantly coniferous with black spruce being dominant overall, although white spruce, jack pine and tamarack are principle species. Hardwoods, particularly trembling aspen, white birch and balsam poplar are well represented and are often mixed with conifers (Ecological Stratification Working Group, 1995).
A framework for broad scale classification of hydrologic response units on the Boreal Plain: Is topography the last thing to consider?	University of Alberta	applied research	boreal hydrology	Devito KJ, I Creed, T Gan, C Mendoza, R Petrone, U Silins, B Smerdon (2005). A framework for broad scale classification of hydrologic response units on the Boreal Plain: Is topography the last thing to consider? Invited Commentaries, HP Today, Hydrol. Process., 19:1705-1714.	framework for classification of hydrologic systems on the boreal plain which feature complex groundwater-surface water interactions
Agroclimate Maps - Drought Watch	Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada	monitoring	climate	Agriculture Canada. Drought Watch - Agroclimate Maps	provides drought and soil moisture conditions for agricultural areas
A large rockslide-debris avalanche in cohesive soil at Pink Mountain, northeastern British Columbia, Canada	BC Ministry of Forests and Range	applied research	landslides	Geertsema, M et al. 2006. A large rockslide-debris avalanch in cohesive soil at Pink Mountain, northeastern British Columbia, Canada. Engineering Geology 83: 64-75.	Described effects and causes of large landslide
Analysis of low flows in five selected watersheds within the Peace-Liard area, Phase 2	Science and Community Environmental Knowledge Fund (SCEK)	Applied Research	hydrology	Diversified Technical Services. 2003. Analysis of low flows in five selected watersheds with the Peace-Liard area, Phase 2. 7 p.	"At the request of Diversified Technical Services, an analysis of low flows in an additional five selected watersheds within the Peace-Liard area was undertaken as Phase 2 of this project. The watersheds selected were: Beatton River, Etthithun River, Kotcho River, Maxhamish River (including D'Easum Creek) and Petitot River. Low flows from November to March were analysed to determine the probability of meeting or exceeding a minimum flow rate of 0.056 m3/s. The basis for this analysis is the data and methodologies described in teh British Columbia Streamflow Inventory (BCSI) and Streamflow in teh Omineca-Peace Region. Information regarding the methods used in the analysis are provided in the Phase 1 report, submitted June 2003."
An assessment of methods for evaluating the effects of groundwater withdrawls on surface waters in BC	Consultant	Applied research	GW-SW interaction	Rathfelder, K. In Preparation. An assessment of methods for evaluating the effects of groundwater withdrawls on surface waters in BC
A Natural Gas Research Agenda for BC: Bridging Gaps in Research and Action	Carbon Talks and Pacific Institute for Climate Solutions	Public Reporting	climate change	Dialogue Report - Natural Gas Research Agenda for BC: Bridging Gaps in Research and Action, November 21-22, 2013	A natural gas research agenda for BC: bridging gaps in research and action was a two day dialogue session held on 21-22 November, 2013 in Vancouver, BC. 29 participants from the academic, non-profit, legal, business, and technology sectors as well as representatives from government and First Nations took part. The dialogue was designed to answer the following key questions: What are the assets and deficits we have as a natural gas research community in BC? What specific areas should the Pacific Institute for Climate Solutions focus on over the next two to five years? What and where are the opportunities for multi-disciplinary collaboration? Who should coordinate the research and provision of deliverables? What do you need to know from other disciplines and sectors?
An overview of recent large catastrophic landslides in northern British Columbia, Canada	BC Ministry of Forests and Range	applied research	landslides	Geertsema, M et al. 2006. An overview of recent large catastrophic landslides in northern British Columbia, Canada. Engineering Geology 83: 120-143	At least thirty-eight, large, catastrophic landslides, each either larger than 0.5Mm3 or longer than 1 km, have occurred in northern British Columbia in the last three decades. The landslides include low-gradient flowslides in cohesive sediments, long-runout rock slides (rock avalanches), and complex rock slide-flows. The flowslides have occurred in a variety of sediments, including glaciolacustrine silt, clay-rich till, and clay-rich colluvium. The rock failures have happened in weak shale overlain by sandstone and volcanic rocks. The frequency of large landslides in northern British Columbia appears to be increasing, suggesting a link to climate change.
An overview of the effects of forest management on groundwater hydrology	FORREX	applied Research	groundwater	Smerdon, B.D., Redding, T.E., and Beckers, J. (2009). An overview of the effects of forest management on groundwater hydrology. British Columbia Journal of Ecosystems and Management, 10, 22-44	This paper provides an introduction to the role of groundwater in watersheds, presents an overview of groundwater resources in British Columbia, and reviews the potential effects of forest management activities (e.g., harvest operations, road building, reforestation, management of mountain pine beetle infestation) on groundwater hydrology. A regional-scale classification of hydrogeologic landscapes for British Columbia is outlined, integrating major physiographic, biogeoclimatic, and groundwater regions. The classification considers characteristics of climate, geology, aquifer type, and interaction with surface water in a generalized way, and summarizes broad-scale expectations about the groundwater hydrology in each hydrogeologic landscape category. In all of the landscapes, a rise in the water table can be expected to follow forest harvesting, though the magnitude and duration of this increase vary according to the area's geology and topography. In wet, steep watersheds, for example, shallow groundwater flow is likely to increase, in turn leading to the potential for increased runoff and decreased slope stability. Local-scale water table changes are often more apparent than those at the regional scale.
A possible airborne mag survey to provide understanding of the upper bedrock in Horne Basin area.	OGC, Geoscience BC and MeM and possibly other partners (Olaf Nieman (UVic); Martin Geertsma (FLNRO)).	applied research	geology and groundwater		airborne mag data and a web tool to display report the results
Aquatic Information Partnership Catalogue	Community Mapping Network	Information Management	water resources information	Community Mapping Network. Aquatic Information Partnership Catalogue	Provides access to watershed data sources (e.g., gis data)
Aquifer Classification Database	Ministry of Environment	Inventory	water resource	Aquifer Classification Database	Information on mapped aquifers
A review of environmental flow assessment methods for application to northeastern British Columbia	Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers (CAPP)	Applied Research	environmental flows	Hatfield, T et al. 2013. A review of environmental flow assessment methods for application to northeastern British Columbia. Consultant's report prepared for the Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers by Solander Ecological Research and Ecofish Research Ltd.	"The purpose of this report is to provide a recommendation and supporting rationale to the Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers (CAPP) for a method or set of methods to determine environmental flows for stream in northeastern British Columbia, specificially the Montney, Cordova, Liard and Horn geologic basins (Figure 1). The shale gas deposits of northeastern British Columbia are receiving a great deal of interest by petroleum producers, and natural gas proudction in the region is projected to increase substantially over the next few years. There are a number of activities associated with exploration and extraction that require the use of water, including seismic exploration, road and pad construction, drilling, well completion, transportation and pipelines, and hydraulic fracturing, with the latter comprising the largest component of water use. Although companies are able to recycle and reuse some water, there is a substantial need for water if the industry expands as predicted."
A review of environmental flow methods for use in the British Columbia Winter Flows Project	BC Ministry of Environment	Applied Research	environmental flows	Hatfield, T. 2012. A review of environmental flow methods for use in the British Columbia Winter Flows Project. Produced by Ecofish Research for BC Ministry of Environment.	Environmental flow assessments (EFA) are conducted to support decision-makers and water managers in their determination of how much water should be left in streams to maintain aquatic and riparian ecosystems, or species of particular concern.
Arsenic study in NE, general chem parametres inventory	Northern Health Authorities (Dave Tamblyn)	inventory	groundwater quality and health	Studies undertaken and data not captured (e.g., arsenic study in NE, general chem parametres inventory and sample sources not tied to a well and in WELLs); Northern Health Authorities (Dave Tamblyn)	To understand extent of arsenic in NE and general water quality survey
A soil resource and land use survey of the West Moberly Lake Indian Reserve no. 169	Agriculture Canada	inventory	soil	Wiken, EB and Farstad, L. 1973. A soil resource and land use survey of the West Moberly Lake Indian Reserve no. 169. Agriculture Canada	soil and land use survey, baseline soil data and mapping
Aspect and soil textural controls on snowmelt runoff on forested Boreal Plain hillslopes	University of Alberta	applied Research	boreal hydrology	Redding, TE nd Devito, KJ. 2011. Aspect and soil textural controls on snowmelt runoff on forested Boreal Plain hillslopes. Hydrology Research 42(4): 250-267	Plot studies were conducted on a jack pine forest with sandy soil and aspen forests with sandy and loam soils to examine the controls of slope aspect, soil texture and fall soil moisture content on near-surface snowmelt runoff and infiltration. It was hypothesized that near-surface runoff would be greater from north-facing slopes on loam soils with increased fall soil moisture content. Fall soil moisture had no measurable effect on spring snowmelt runoff. Infiltration of snowmelt dominated (drainage coefficients 53–100%, median 87%) over near-surface runoff (runoff coefficients 1–65%, median 7%) for most plots. Runoff was related to concrete frost at the mineral soil surface. In contrast to the processes hypothesized, south-facing hillslopes with sandy soils generated greater runoff than north-facing slopes or sites with finer-textured soils. These results were due to greater concrete frost development resulting from periodic spring snowmelt and re-freezing in the upper soil. South-facing hillslopes with sandy soils featured lower canopy cover, allowing greater solar radiation to reach the snow surface which led to the formation of concrete frost and faster melt rates resulting in near-surface runoff. Where hillslopes are connected to receiving surface waters by continuous concrete frost, snowmelt runoff at the watershed scale may be enhanced. Keywords: boreal plain; concrete frost; frozen soil infiltration; snowmelt lysimeter; snowmelt runoff
Assessing and building the state-of-the-knowledge on integrated resources management and cumulative impacts management.	Resources North	Water Management Programs and Tools	cumulative effects	Tesera Systems. 2009. Assessing and building the state-of-the-knowledge on integrated resource management and cumulative impacts management. Resources North Association.	The purpose of this project is to develop an accurate and current understanding of Integrated Resource Management (IRM) and Cumulative Impacts Management (CIM) in Northern BC by a process of qualitative data analysis. This report includes an extensive literature review and a summary of qualitative data collected from a broad range of interested parties to clarify and determine the scope of IRM/CIM-related issues in Northern BC.
Assessment of Groundwater Monitoring Practices for Shale Gas Development	Petroleum Technology Alliance Canada	Applied Research	groundwater	Assessment of Groundwater Monitoring Practices for Shale Gas Development	To review and report on regional groundwater monitoring practices to facilitate industry working with governments and regulators
Associations between watershed characteristics, runoff, and stream water quality: hypothesis development for watershed disturbance experiments and modelling in the Forest Watershed and Riparian Disturbance (FORWARD) project	FORWARD Project	applied Research	boreal hydrology	Prepas, EE et al. 2006. Associations between watershed characteristiscs, runoff, and stream water quality: hypothesis development for watershed disturbance experiements and modelling in the Forest Watershed and Riparian Disturbance (FORWARD) project. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science, 2006, 5(S1): S27-S37, 10.1139/s05-033	The FORWARD project, based on the Boreal Plain of Alberta, was initiated to develop models to predict the influence of watershed disturbance on runoff and stream water quality. To generate hypotheses relating to watershed controls on streams in the presence and absence of disturbance, we quantified relationships between stream variables and soil distribution in nine undisturbed small (M = 5.4 km2) watersheds for two relatively dry and snowmelt-dominated seasons (May through October 2002 and 2003). We also considered data from one harvested and two burned watersheds. Among soil types, only peatland cover had an association with runoff and water quality. Runoff and ammonium exports were positively related to peatland cover in both years (r2 = 0.50 to 0.90; P < 0.05). In the first year, additional relationships to peatland cover existed for particulate phosphorus and suspended sediment exports (r2 = 0.64 and 0.65, respectively), whereas in the second year they existed for dissolved phosphorus and dissolved organic carbon exports (r2 = 0.67 and 0.78, respectively). Hypotheses generated relate to the role of peatlands as sources for water moving toward stream channels, water exchange between streams and riparian groundwater, and the influence of disturbance and precipitation patterns on runoff generation. Key words: watershed disturbance, boreal forest, peatland, stream, suspended sediments, nutrients, runoff, forest harvest, wildfire.
A summary of climate change effects on watershed hydrology	Ministry of Forests	Applied Research	climate	Pike et al. 2008. A summary of climate change effects on watershed hydrology. MFR EN 87.	provides summary of expected climate change effects on watershed processes and hydrologic response
Atmospheric and soil moisture controls on evapotranspiration from above and within a Western Boreal Plain aspen forest. Hydrological Processes.	University of Alberta	applied research	boreal hydrology	Brown, SM, Petrone RM, Chasmer L, Mendoza C, Lazerjan MS, Landhausser SM, Silins U, Leach J, Devito KJ. 2013. Atmospheric and soil moisture controls on evapotranspiration from above and within a Western Boreal Plain aspen forest. Hydrological Processes. (DOI:10.1002/hyp.9879)	The Western Boreal Plain of North Central Alberta comprises a mosaic of wetlands and aspen (Populus tremuloides) dominated uplands where precipitation (P) is normally exceeded by evapotranspiration (ET). As such these systems are highly susceptible to the climatic variability that may upset the balance between P and ET. Above canopy evapotranspiration (ETC) and understory evapotranspiration (ETB) were examined using the eddy covariance technique situated at 25.5 m (7.5 m above tree crown) and 4.0 m above the ground surface, respectively. During the peak period of the growing seasons (green periods), ETC averaged 3.08 mm d1 and 3.45 mm d1 in 2005 and 2006, respectively, while ETB averaged 1.56 mm d1 and 1.95 mm d1 . Early in the growing season, ETB was equal to or greater than ETC once understory development had occurred. However, upon tree crown growth, ETB was lessened due to a reduction in available energy. ETB ranged from 42 to 56% of ETC over the remainder of the snow-free seasons. Vapour pressure deﬁcit (VPD) and soil moisture (y) displayed strong controls on both ETC and ETB. ETC responded to precipitation events as the developed tree crown intercepted and held available water which contributed to peak ETC following precipitation events >10 mm. While both ETC and ETB were shown to respond to VPD, soil moisture in the rooting zone is shown to be the strongest control regardless of atmospheric demand. Further, soil moisture and tension data suggest that rooting zone soil moisture is controlled by the redistribution of soil water by the aspen root system. Copyright ©2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Audit of Forest Planning Practices on Oil and Gas Operations: Fort Nelson Forest District - Apache Canada Ltd. and Devon Canada Corporation	BC Forest Practices Board	water management Programs and Tools		BC Forest Practices Board. 2011. Audit of Forest Planning Practices on Oil and Gas Operations: Fort Nelson Forest District - Apache Canada Ltd. and Devon Canada Corporation. FPB/ARC/129. April 2011	An audit of two oil and gas companies working in the northern part of the Fort Nelson Forest District found that their operations met the requirements of the Forest and Range Practices Act, according to a report released today. Apache Canada Ltd. and Devon Canada Corporation were audited for forest planning and practices associated with oil and gas development in the Horn River Basin. Activities examined included clearing trees for construction of well sites, compressor/facilities, borrow pits, sumps, campsites, and pipelines, as well as access road construction and maintenance.
Audit of Forestry, Oil and Gas, and Range activities in the Kiskatinaw River Watershed	BC Forest Practices Board	water management Programs and Tools	cumulative effects	BC Forest Practices Board. 2010. Audit of Forestry, Oil and Gas, and range activities in the Kiskatinaw River Watershed. Peace Forest District. FPB/ARC/121. December 2010	The audit examined forestry, oil and gas, and range activities, specifically with respect to soil conservaton, water quality and associated planning, in the Kiskatinaw River watershed. This audit involved several licensees: forestry - Louisiana-Pacific Canada Ltd. oil and gas - Apache Canada (formerly BP Energy Canada Ltd.), Shell Canada Ltd. (formerly Duvernay Oil Corporation), and Encana Corporation range - Bear Mountain Grazing Association, and three range tenures held by individuals
Authorization Management System	Ministry of Environment	Information Management	database	Authorization Management System	Waste permit administration system that maintains data related to the administration of permits issued under the Environmental Management Act and registrations under various regulations where the regulation requires a discharger to register
A Wetland Action Plan for British Columbia	Wetland Stewardship Partnership	water management Programs and Tools	wetlands	Wetland Stewardship Partnership. 2010. A Wetland Action Plan for British Columbia	In this document, the WSP proposes a comprehensive Wetland Action Plan to be implemented cooperatively by governmental and non-governmental organizations in order to protect British Columbia’s remaining natural wetlands, and to restore important wetlands that have been severely damaged.
Bacteria and parasite source identification in the Kiskatinaw Watershed near Dawson Creek, BC, 2004-2007	BC Ministry of Environment	Applied Research	water quality	Matscha, G. 2008. Bacteria and parasite source identification in the Kiskatinaw Watershed near Dawson Creek, BC, 2004-2007. BC MoE.	"The objective of this contaminant source identification study is to identify the stream sections and land use sector activities from which these and other water borne contaminants originate. This information is then being used to recommend most effective management of raw water quality to reduce drinking water risk in a multi-barrier approach."
Baseline selenium in sculpins related to the Northeast Coal Zone	BC Ministry of Environment (?)	applied research	water quality	Carmichael, NB and Chapman, PM. No Date. Baseline selenium in sculpins related to the Northeast Coal Zone. Unpublished report.
BC Agriculture & Climate Change Regional Adaptation Strategies Series: Peace Region	British Columbia Agriculture & Food Climate Action Initiative	applied research	climate change	British Columbia Agriculture & Food Climate Action Initiative. 2013. BC Agriculture & Climate Change Regional Adaptation Strategies Series: Peace Region	develop climate change adaptation strategies for agriculture in Peace Region of BC
BC/Alberta partnership for applied long-term watershed research in the Peace River Regions Upper Kiskatinaw River: Workshop proceedings	FORREX, City of Dawson Creek, Foothills Research Institute	Applied Research	watershed mgmt	Lapp, S.L. and R. Whiten [ed.]. 2012. British Columbia/Alberta Partnership for Applied Long-Term Watershed Management Research in the Peace River Region’s Upper Kiskatinaw River. Forum for Research and Extension in Natural Resources (FORREX). Kamloops, British Columbia. 54 p. + appendices
BC and Yukon Water Quality Monitoring and Surveillance Program	Environment Canada and Ministry of Environment	Monitoring	status and trend	BC and Yukon Water Quality Monitoring and Surveillance Program	Regular monitoring of water quality at stations across Canada
BC Conservation Data Center	Ministry of Environment	Inventory	water resource	BC Conservation Data Center	Collects and disseminates information on plants, animals and ecosystems (ecological communities) at risk in British Columbia.
BC Geological Survey Publications Catalogue	Ministry of Energy, Mines and Natural Gas	Information Management	reports catalogue	BC Geological Survey Publications Catalogue	A catalogue and search tool for geoscience information published by the BC Geological Survey and the Ministry of Energy Mines and Natural Gas
BC Lakes Stewardship Society	BC Lakes Stewardship Society	Monitoring	status and trend	BC Lakes Stewardship Society	Citizen lake monitoring program
BC Ministry of Enviroment Winter Flows Project, Final Report	BC Ministry of Environment	Applied Research	environmental flows	Hatfield, T. 2012. BC Ministry of Environment Winter Flows Project, Final Report. Ecofish Research.	MoE completed the winter flows project to better understand the effect of water qithdrawals during the winter period, especially during the period of ice cover
BC Wetlands Atlas	Community Mapping Network	inventory	wetlands	British Columbia Wetlands Atlas
Bilateral Water Management Agreements Guidance Document	Mackenzie River Basin Board	water management Programs and Tools	protocols & procedures	Mackenzie River Basin Board. 2003. Mackenzie River Basin: State of the Aquatic Ecosystem Report 2003.	This Bilateral Agreements Guidance Document provides the context within which bilateral water management agreements will be prepared and presents the process that may be used by the jurisdictions to prepare the bilateral agreements.
Biodiversity/Environmental Information Resources e-Library	Ministry of Environment	Information Management	reports catalogue	Biodiversity/Environmental Information Resources e-Library	A searchable catalogue that provides access to a broad range of environmental and natural resource information for B.C., including publications on species and the habitats in which they live.
Biophysical Soil Resources and Land Evaluation of the Northeast Coal Study Area	BC Ministry of Environment	inventory	soil	Vold, T. 1977. Biophysical Soil Resources and Land Evaluation of the Northeast Coal Study Area, 1976-1977	Describes the soils and landforms and provides soil interpretations for the Northeast Coal Study Region. 2 volume report + maps
British Columbia Environmental Laboratory Manual: 2013	BC Ministry of Environment	Monitoring	water monitoring	British Columbia Environmental Laboratory Manual: 2013	In cooperation with the B.C. Environmental Laboratory Technical Advisory Committee, the Ministry of Environment has produced the 2013 edition of the British Columbia Environmental Laboratory Manual. New or updated methods included in the 2013 edition are listed below.
British Columbia Field Sampling Manual: 2013 – For Continuous Monitoring and the Collection of Air, Air-Emission, Water, Wastewater, Soil, Sediment and Biological Samples	BC Ministry of Environment	Monitoring	water monitoring	British Columbia Field Sampling Manual: 2013 – For Continuous Monitoring and the Collection of Air, Air-Emission, Water, Wastewater, Soil, Sediment and Biological Samples	The 2013 edition of the British Columbia Field Sampling Manual sets out the sampling procedures, protocols and equipment that permittees are normally expected to use when doing monitoring required by the Ministry of Environment.
Building a Cumumlative Effects Assessment Framework in BC	BC Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations	Water Management Programs and Tools	cumulative effects	Heemskerk, B. 2012. Building a cumulative effects assessment framework in BC: Examples from the Northwest & Okanagan demo pilot projects
Bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) occurrence and abundance influenced by cumulative industrial developments in a Canadian boreal forest watershed		Applied Research	aquatic ecology	Ripley et al. 2005. Bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) occurrence and abundance influenced by cumulative industrial developments in a Canadian boreal forest watershed. CJFAS 62:2431-2442.	We examined relations between cumulative levels of forest harvesting and density of road networks on the occurrence and abundance of bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) in the Kakwa River Basin, Alberta. Logistic regression models showed that bull trout occurrence was positively related to stream wetted width but negatively related to percent fines, percent cobbles, reach slope, and the cumulative area of the subbasin harvested and road density. Results from zero-inflated Poisson regression models typically showed that bull trout abundance was positively related to elevation and negatively related to stream width, percent fines, percent cobble, slope, and levels of forest harvesting. Using the negative relation between bull trout occurrence and percentage of subbasins harvested derived from the most parsimonious logistic regression model, we forecasted that forest harvesting over the next 20 years is projected to result in the local extirpation of bull trout from 24% to 43% of stream reaches that currently support bull trout in the Kakwa River Basin.
Canada's Water Infostream: British Columbia	Council of the Federation	information Management	water resources information	Canada's Water Infostream: Brisith Columbia	Web portal for data and information sources
Canadian Aquatic Biomonitoring Network (CABIN)	Environment Canada and Ministry of Environment	Monitoring	status and trend	Canadian Aquatic Biomonitoring Network (CABIN)	An aquatic biological monitoring program for assessing the health of freshwater ecosystems in Canada
Canadian Environmental Assessment Registry	Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency	Public Reporting	environmental assessment	Canadian Environmental Assessment Registry	This site offers a number of options to help you find information on potential and current environmental assessments of projects subject to the federal environmental assessment process.
Canadian Forest Service Publications Search	Canadian Forest Service	inventory	library	Canadian Forest Service Publications Search	provides access to CFS publications
Canadian Wetland Inventory	Ducks Unlimited	Inventory	wetlands	Ducks Unlimited. Canadian Wetland Inventory	provides national level inventory of surveyed wetlands
Can I restore an unhealthy riparian corridor	BC Cattlemen's Association	water management Programs and Tools	riparian	Campbell, C and Hesketh, L. 2009. Can I restore a healthy riparian corridor. BC Cattlemen's Association.	to increase landowner knowledge related to livestock and riparian areas and stream health
CAPP Hydraulic Fracturing Operating Practice: Baseline Groundwater Testing	Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers (CAPP)	monitoring	monitoring	Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers. CAPP Hydraulic Fracturing Operating Practice: Baseline Groundwater Testing.
Capturing land use change in the upper Kiskatinaw watershed	City of Dawson Creek, UNBC	Applied Research	surface water	Capturing land use change in the upper Kiskatinaw watershed	Track changes in land use so interpretations can be made on hydrologic consequences (S. Paul M.Sc. candidate UNBC, supervisor Dr. Jianbing Li)
Challenges with terrain stability mapping in Northern British Columbia	BC MFLNRO	Applied Research	landslides	Geertsema, M and Schwab, J. 2006. Challenges with terrain stability mapping in Northern British Columbia. Streamline Watershed Management Bulletin. Vol 10 Issue 1.	The pur pose of this paper is to introduce geological conditions common in northern BC that require special considerations in terrain stability mapping and assessments, where standard forestry-related TSM may not be sufficient or is not the appropriate tool for assessing the over all slope stability hazard. More importantly, below-ground (not visible) and off-site conditions should be considred for assess ing hazards for large and (or) com plex land slides. Slope haz ards gen er ally not con sid ered in for estry appli ca tion are dis cussed in this arti -cle. Top ics include sit u a tions where rock slides trig ger larger move ments in soil, glaciomarine sed i ments, permafrost areas, and preglacial buried valleys.
City of Dawson Creek Water Strategy	The City of Dawson Creek	water management Programs and Tools	drinking water	HB Lanarc Consultants. 2009. City of Dawson Creek Water Strategy. Contract Report Submitted to The City of Dawson Creek	A clear understanding of local water usage patterns and issues helps to develop appropriate and effective policies. This Strategy was conceived as a brief companion piece to the 2009 OCP update, to support the development of water policies and DP guidelines in the OCP, and provide some guidance for subsequent implementation. The Strategy also contains additional recommendations that will help to implement recommendations in the Water Baseline Report (Stevenson, 2009).
ClimateBC	University of British Columbia - Centre for Forest Conservation Genetics	Decision Support Tool	interactive map	ClimateBC	To generate high resolution climate data for BC
Climate BC and Climate WNA	PCIC	Decision Support Tool	climate	Climate BC and Climate WNA	Provides complete spatial coverage of of long-term climate data and future climate model projections for both BC and all of Western North America
Climate change and watershed hydrology: Part 1 – Recent and projected changes in British Columbia	Ministry of Forests	Applied Research	climate	Pike et al. 2008. Climate change and watershed hydrology: Part 1 – Recent and projected changes in British Columbia. Streamline 11(2)	Summary of past and projected climate changes in British Columbia
Climate change and watershed hydrology: Part 2 – Hydrologic implications for British Columbia	Ministry of Forests	Applied Research	hydrology	Pike et al. 2008. Climate change and watershed hydrology: Part 2 – Hydrologic implications for British Columbia. Streamline 11(2)	Summary of potential hydrologic implications of climate change in BC
Climate change and water users in BC	PCIC	Applied Research	climate	Swain. 2007. Climate change and water users in BC. PCIC
Climate Change Database	Climate Action Secretariat	Information Management	data catalogue	Climate Change Database	Catalogue of climate change studies and relevant data that relate to the hydrological cycle and weather events
Climate Change Impacts on Hydro-Climatic Regimes in the Peace and Columbia Watersheds, British Columbia, Canada — Synthesis Project Final Report	PCIC	applied Research	climate change	Shrestha, RR. 2011. Climate Change Impacts on Hydro-Climatic Regimes in the Peace and Columbia Watersheds, British Columbia, Canada — Synthesis Project Final Report. Pacific Climate Impacts Consortium.	The scope of the Synthesis project is to compare and contrast climate and hydrologic projections derived using two very distinct approaches. One approach (Hydrologic Modelling project) was to use climate projections, statistically downscaled from a suite of eight Global Climate Models (GCMs), to force a macro-scale hydrologic model. This is contrasted with another approach (Regional Climate Modelling Diagnostics) in which a regional climate model is used to both dynamically downscale and simulate the hydrologic response from multiple runs of a single global climate model. Due to the relatively coarse resolution of the regional climate modelling approach, comparison is made on the basis of aggregating results from the individual projects over two fairly large spatial domains represented by the Peace and Colombia River basins, respectively. This is in contrast to the more site-specific projections conducted as part of the Hydrologic Modelling project.
Climate Change, Permafrost and Impacts on Civil Infrastructure	US Arctic Research Commission	applied Research	permafrost	US Arctic Research Comission, Permafrost Task Force Report. 2003. Climate Change, Permafrost and Impacts on Civil Infrastructure. Special Report 01-03.	Review of the potential effects of climate change on permafrost and infrastructure in Alaska but with wider applicability in northern climates.
Climate diagnostics of future water resources in BC Watersheds: Regional climate modelling diagnostics project final report	PCIC	Applied Research	climate	Rodenhuis et al. 2011. Climate diagnostics of future water resources in BC Watersheds: Regional climate modelling diagnostics project final report. PCIC.
Climate Related Monitoring Program	MOE, EC, MFLNRO, MT&I, MA, BC Hydro, Rio Tinto Alcan	Monitoring	status and trend	Climate Related Monitoring Program	To make long-term meteorological data available for professional users involved in climate change analysis and adaptation
Collaborative interagency water projects in British Columbia: Introduction to the Northeast British Columbia Aquifer Project and Streamflow Modelling Decision Support Tool	FLNRO	applied Research	hydrology	Wilford, D., Hickin, A.S., Chapman, A., Kelly, J., Janicki, E.P., Kerr, B., van Geloven, C., Dessouki, T., Henry, K., Heslop, K., Kirste, D., McCarville, M., Ronneseth, K., Sakals, M. and Wei, M. (2012): Collaborative interagency water projects in British Columbia: introduction to the Northeast British Columbia Aquifer Project and Streamflow Modelling Decision Support Tool; in Geoscience Reports 2012, British Columbia Ministry of Energy and Mines, pages 79-89.	Allocation of water to domestic, agricultural and industrial uses that is mindful of environmental requirements requires knowledge of the surface and below-ground water resources. The allocation of water in northeastern British Columbia has recently become significant due to demands associated with the development of the unconventional shale gas resource through hydraulic fracturing. To address the lack of surface water information in northeast British Columbia, a streamflow modelling project has been initiated to provide information to government agencies and water licence applicants. Groundwater aquifers in the Montney gas play area are being described using traditional and geophysical investigation techniques. The projects involve provincial and federal government agencies, the British Columbia Oil and Gas Commission, Simon Fraser University, private well owners and the oil and gas industry. This paper provides an overview of these projects.
Community Watershed	Ministry of Environment	Water Management Programs and Tools	drinking water	Community Watershed	To provide special designation under FRPA or OGAA, to watersheds used for drinking water
Compendium of Forest Hydrology and Geomorphology in BC	Ministry of Forest, Lands and Natural Resource Operations	Applied Research	watershed mgmt	Compendium of Forest Hydrology and Geomorphology in BC	Chapters in the Compendium summarize the basic scientific information necessary to manage water resources in forested environments, explaining watershed processes and the effects of disturbances across different regions of the province.
Compilation of Geological Survey of Canada surficial geology maps for NTS 94A and 93P	BC Ministry of Energy and Mines and MAF Geographix	inventory	geology and groundwater	Compilation of Geological Survey of Canada surficial geology maps for NTS 94A and 93P by A.S. Hickin (BC Ministry of Energy and Mines) and M.A. Fournier (MAF Geographix)	To compile Geological Survey of Canada surficial geology data for map sheets NTS 94A and 93P to support resource management
Conceptualizing water movement in the Boreal Plains. Implications for watershed reconstruction	University of Alberta	applied research	boreal hydrology	Devito, K., Mendoza, C., Qualizza, C. (2012). Conceptualizing water movement in the Boreal Plains. Implications for watershed reconstruction. Synthesis report prepared for the Canadian Oil Sands Network for Research and Development, Environmental and Reclamation Research Group. 164 pp.	The aim of this document is to provide guidance on landscape reconstruction based on the results of more than a decade of research in natural forest systems on the Boreal Plains. It is hoped that the synthesis will prove useful to a range of audiences – from general readers interested in the broader concepts and implications of the research to practitioners who require technical details on designing a landscape or directing day-to-day reclamation operations in the field. The document can be grouped into five main sections. Section A, the Executive Summary, is the highest-level synthesis of the conceptual model. It contains the key learnings from the research and their overarching implications for landscape reconstruction. Section B provides the research context: a brief history of the research, focal questions, and locations and descriptions of the study sites. Section C provides a synthesis of the core concepts on which the new conceptual model of water flow in the Boreal Plains has been developed. Section C.1 introduces the structure of the body of the document, which pivots around the hydrologic context, composition, and connectivity, and the water balance as discussed in the Executive Summary. Section C.2 summarizes the basic concepts and key principles and develops the core of the conceptual model. In general, Section C provides the fundamental basis required to develop plans and understand water flow in these landscapes using this new conceptual model. Section D describes the details of key components of the landscape. This section fleshes out the underpinnings of the basic concepts and provides details of landscape features. Section E provides examples of how to approach a water balance in these landscapes, some key numbers that can be used to guide the landscape practitioner, a summary of how the information can be used in landscape reconstruction, and some outstanding research needs. This section relies heavily on the details described in Sections C and D. One core concept arising from the research is that in landscapes there are repeating hydrologic elements and processes that occur at all scales. Therefore, one has to telescope up and down continually to understand the hydrologic behaviour observed at the various scales. Similarly, important concepts and connections run through the document and reappear in numerous sections. Therefore, for the person who reads through the document from beginning to end, repetition of these key ideas in each section will be obvious. The reader will also note that each section of the document contains a summary of key concepts from the research in natural systems. The implications of these key concepts for landscape reconstruction are reported at the end of each section. This approach is meant to illustrate, as clearly as possible, how the authors arrived at their recommendations for landscape reconstruction based on research predominantly conducted in natural boreal systems. The statements in the body of the document are based on evidence/data collected over a decade of research, most of which may be found in published papers, listed in Section F. The implications for landscape reconstruction are suggestions for consideration, based on the research findings.
Conceptual Water Model for the Horn River Basin, Northeast British Columbia (Parts of NTS 094I, J, O, P)	MEMPR	Applied research		Johnson, E. (2010): Conceptual water model for the Horn River Basin, northeast British Columbia (NTS 094O, parts of 094P, J); in Geoscience Reports 2010, BC Ministry of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources, pages 99–121	Work was undertaken to develop a conceptual water model for the Horn River Basin (HRB). Water models are needed for resource management because of a rapidly growing water demand associated with shale gas development in northeast British Columbia. Lumped-parameter models are easier to generate, but for the scale of watersheds in the HRB, distributed-parameter models are more appropriate.
Controls on runoff from a partially harvested aspen forested headwater catchment, Boreal Plain, Canada	TROLS Project	applied Research	boreal hydrology	Devito KJ, IF Creed, C Fraser. 2005. Controls on runoff from a partially harvested aspen forested headwater catchment, Boreal Plain, Canada. Hydrol. Process., 19: 3-25.	The water balance and runoff regime of a 55 ha aspen-forested headwater catchment located on the Boreal Plain, Alberta, Canada (55·1°N, 113·8°W) were determined for 5 years following a partial timber harvest. Variability in precipitation provided the opportunity to contrast catchment water balances in relatively dry (<350 mm year−1), wet (>500 mm year−1), and average precipitation years. In most years, the catchment water balance was dominated by soil water storage, evapotranspiration losses, and vertical recharge. In 1997, despite near-average annual precipitation (486 mm), there was significant runoff (250 mm year−1) with a runoff coefficient of 52%. A wet summer and autumn in the preceding year (1996) and large snow accumulation in the spring (1997) reduced the soil water storage potential, and large runoff occurred in response to a substantial July rainfall event. Maps of the surface saturated areas indicated that runoff was generated from the uplands, ephemeral draws, and valley-bottom wetlands. Following 1997, evapotranspiration exceeded precipitation and large soil water storage potentials developed, resulting in a reduction in surface runoff to 11 mm in 1998, and <2 mm in 1999–2001. During this time, the uplands were hydrologically disconnected from ephemeral draws and valley-bottom wetlands. Interannual variability was influenced by the degree of saturation and connectivity of ephemeral draws and valley wetlands. Variability in runoff from tributaries within the catchment was influenced by the soil water storage capacity as defined by the depth to the confining layer. An analysis of the regional water balance over the past 30 years indicated that the potential to exceed upland soil water storage capacity, to connect uplands to low-lying areas, and to generate significant runoff may only occur about once every 20 years. The spatial and temporal variability of soil water storage capacity in relation to evaporation and precipitation deficits complicates interpretation of forest harvesting studies, and low runoff responses may mask the impacts of harvesting of aspen headwater areas on surface runoff in subhumid climates of the Boreal Plain.
Cross-Linked Information Resources (CLIR)	Ministry of Environment	Information Management	reports catalogue	Cross-Linked Information Resources (CLIR)	An umbrella search application that allows users to search multiple sources of environmental and natural resource information simultaneously through a single search window
Culverts	Ministry of Transportation	Inventory	infrastructure	Culverts	Inventory of culverts (less than 3 m in diameter)
Cumulative Effects Assessment: A case study for the Kiskatinaw River Watershed	BC Forest Practices Board	water management Programs and Tools	cumulative effects	BC Forest Practices Board. 2011. Cumulative Effects Assessment: A case study for the Kiskatinaw River Watershed. Special Report. Appendix to FPB/SR/39, March 2011
Cumulative effects assessment and management for northeast British Columbia, Volume 1 – A Cumulative effects assessment and management framework (CEAMF) for Northeast British Columbia.	BC Oil and Gas Commission	Water Management Programs and Tools	cumulative effects	BC OGC Muskwa-Kechika Advisory Board. 2003. Cumulative effects assessment and management for northeast Britsh Columbia, Volume 1 - A cumulative effects assessment and management framework (CEAMF) for northeast British Columbia.
Cumulative effects assessment and management for northeast British Columbia, Volume 2 - Cumulative effects indicators, thresholds and case studies	BC Oil and Gas Commission	Water Management Programs and Tools	cumulative effects	BC OGC Muskwa-Kechika Advisory Board. 2003. Cumulative effects assessment and management for northeast Britsh Columbia, Volume 2 - Cumulative effects, indicators, thresholds and case studies
Cumulative Effects Assessment Practitioners Guide	Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency	Water Management Programs and Tools	cumulative effects	Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency. 1999. Cumulative Effects Assessment Practitioner's Guide.	Who is this Guide intended for? This Guide is intended primarily for practitioners who are responsible for preparing Cumulative Effects Assessments (CEAs) as part of a submission to appropriate regulatory bodies for project review. "Practitioners" include consultants, government agencies and proponents. The Guide may also be useful to regulatory bodies and review panels in recognizing what constitutes acceptable and reasonable practice regarding CEAs and in developing appropriate Terms of Reference for the assessments. What is the Purpose of this Guide? The purpose of this Guide is to provide practitioners with: an overview and clarification of current understanding about the practice of CEA; suggestions on practical approaches to complete CEAs that meet statutory requirements and best professional practice; and case studies of approaches used by project proponents for their CEAs.
Cumulative Effects: From Assessment Towards Management	BC Forest Practices Board	water management Programs and Tools	cumulative effects	BC Forest Practices Board. 2011. Cumulative Effects: From Assessment Towards Management. Special Report. FPB/SR/39, March 2011	The Forest Practices Board has had growing concerns about the cumulative effects of resource use on the British Columbia (BC) land base for a number of years. In our work examining forest and range practices, it was often apparent that other activities were impacting the land and water; activities that were not regulated under the Forest and Range Practices Act. The Board decided to undertake a cumulative effect assessment case study in the Kiskatinaw River watershed near Dawson Creek, looking specifically at effects of resource development on drinking water, soil and caribou habitat. The Board also reviewed current literature relevant to the subject of cumulative effects assessment. At the same time, the Board reviewed a project-specific cumulative effects assessment as part of the investigation of a public complaint about an independent power project. This summary report is about the learning gained from these separate but related processes.
Cumulative Effects - Quintette Project	Lorax Environmental	applied Research	water quality	Lorax Environmental. 2013. Cumulative Effects - Quitette Project. Completed for Teck Coal Ltd	The following memorandum has been drafted in response to Issues 279-282 received by Teck from the Mine Development Review Committee (MDRC). These comments seek clarification on the cumulative effects (CE) assessments completed for Babcock Creek and Murray River.
Cumulative industrial activity alters lotic fish assemblages in two boreal forest watersheds of Alberta, Canada		applied Research	aquatic ecology	Scrimgeour, GJ et al. 2008. Cumulative industrial activity alters lotic fish assemblages in two boreal forest watersheds of Alberta, Canada. Environmental Management 42(6): 957-970.	We evaluated the cumulative effects of land use disturbance resulting from forest harvesting, and exploration and extraction of oil and gas resources on the occurrence and structure of stream fish assemblages in the Kakwa and Simonette watersheds in Alberta, Canada. Logistic regression models showed that the occurrence of numerically dominant species in both watersheds was related to two metrics defining industrial activity (i.e., percent disturbance and road density), in addition to stream wetted width, elevation, reach slope, and percent fines. Occurrences of bull trout, slimy sculpin, and white sucker were negatively related to percent disturbance and that of Arctic grayling, and mountain whitefish were positively related to percent disturbance and road density. Assessments of individual sites showed that 76% of the 74 and 46 test sites in the Kakwa and Simonette watersheds were possibly impaired or impaired. Impaired sites in the Kakwa Watershed supported lower densities of bull trout, mountain whitefish, and rainbow trout, but higher densities of Arctic grayling compared to appropriate reference sites. Impaired sites in the Simonette Watershed supported lower densities of bull trout, but higher densities of lake chub compared to reference sites. Our data suggest that current levels of land use disturbance alters the occurrence and structure of stream fish assemblages.
Dam Safety Program	Ministry of Environment	Monitoring	regulatory & compliance	Dam Safety Program	Carry out the regulation of licensed dams
DataBC	Ministry of Citizens' Services and Open Government	Information Management	data catalogue	DataBC	A catalogue of data available for BC
Data Explorer for Hydrological Data	Environment Canada	Decision Support Tool	interactive map	Data Explorer for Hydrological Data	A Windows-based application that provides a user-friendly interface to Environment Canada’s HYDAT Database
Dawson Creek - Water Quality	City of Dawson Creek	monitoring	water quality	Dawson Creek - Water Quality	provides publicly available water quality data for Dawson Creek water system (up to 2008)
Dealing with bearing capacity problems on low volume roads constructed on peat	ROADEX	water management Programs and Tools	wetland	Munro, R. 2006. Dealing with bearing capacity problems on low volume roads constructed on peat. ROADEX.	This Report is a final report of the Phase 2 ‘Understanding and Analysis’ section of the EU ROADEX II Project and aims to give an insight into the state of the art of road construction and road maintenance for roads constructed across peat in the Northern Periphery of Europe.
Desktop watershed characterization methods for British Columbia	BC Ministry of Environment; BC Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations	Decision Support Tool	watershed mgmt	Pike, R.G. and D.J. Wilford. 203. Desktop watershed characterization methods for British Columbia. Prov. B.C., Victoria, B.C. Tech. Rep. 079. www.for.gov.bc.ca/hfd/pubs/Docs/Tr/Tr079.htm	"In recent years, the accessibility of online mapping tools and GIS information has dramatically increased. As a result, it is now possible to remotely gather information about a watershed’s potential disturbance, hydrologic, and climatic characteristics. Watershed characterizations are often used when developing plans for monitoring, research projects, water quality objectives, industrial use, and other end uses, such as fisheries restoration or small-scale power projects. A watershed characterization is distinctly different from a watershed assessment that develops specific disturbance indicators and then ranks them accordingly. Desktop characterization of a watershed in advance of fieldwork allows for improved planning of field activities and/or monitoring projects, thereby increasing efficiency and reducing costs. The purpose of this report is to highlight current sources of online tools and watershed information, provide a template of potential disturbance drivers to consider, and ultimately create a list of questions that can be used to characterize a watershed’s hydrologic regime. This document does not specify the development of watershed analysis style indicators for the purposes of watershed assessment. This technical report was developed to aid in the descriptive, hydrologic characterization of watersheds in British Columbia."
Detecting and downscaling wet areas on boreal landscapes	University of Western Ontario	applied research	boreal hydrology	Kaheil YH, Creed IF. 2009. Detecting and downscaling wet areas on boreal landscapes. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters 6: 179-183.	Develop an approach for wet area detection using remote sensing. In boreal plain landscapes, wet areas provide hydrologic connectivity rather than infrequent streams.
Developing a water monitoring network in the Horn River Basin, Northeastern British Columbia (Parts of NTS 094I, J, O, P)	Geoscience BC	monitoring	monitoring	Salas, CJ and Murray, D. 2013. Developing a Water Monitoring Network in the Horn River Basin, Northeastern British Columbia (Parts of NTS 0941I, J, O, P). Geoscience BC Report 2013-1.	summary of new water monitoring initiative in the Horn River Basin
Developing biocriteria as a water quality assessment tool in Canada: scoping assessment.	Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME)	Applied Research	monitoring	CCME. 2006. Developing biocriteria as a water quality assessment tool in Canada: scoping assessment. CCME PN 1350.	"This report was commissioned by CCME to provide a review of the available information regarding biocriteria currently used in Canadian and international jurisdictions, and to evaluate the potential of using biocriteria as a line of evidence − in addition to water and sediment chemistry and toxicology − for assessing the ecological integrity of Canadian surface waters."
Dike Management and Safety	Ministry of Environment	Monitoring	regulatory & compliance	Dike Management and Safety	To provide information for the construction and maintenance of dikes to ensure public safety
Dissolved and particulate phosphorus concentration and export patterns in headwater streams draining Boreal Plain watersheds one year after experimental forest harvest and post-harvest silvicultural activities	FORWARD Project	applied Research	water quality	Prepas, EE et al. 2008. Dissolved and particulate phosphorus concentration and export patterns in headwater streams draining Boreal Plain watersheds one year after experimental forest harvest and post-harvest silvicultural activities. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science, 7(S1): 63-77, 10.1139/S08-030	This study examined total dissolved (TDP) and particulate phosphorus (PP) concentration and export in nine headwater streams draining Boreal Plain forests in Alberta, Canada, during the growing season and autumn before and in the first year after winter harvest in four of the watersheds. Mechanical and chemical site preparation was also conducted before and during the post-harvest sampling period. During the growing season, TDP and PP concentrations in streams draining harvested watersheds were higher than in the reference streams at storm peaks (P ≤ 0.08) and along the falling limbs of storm flows (P ≤ 0.03). We postulate that forestry activities enhanced TDP leaching from watershed soils after they became saturated. This promoted the growth of periphyton in streams, which subsequently sloughed off during high flows. In autumn, TDP concentrations were higher in streams draining harvested watersheds along the rising limb, at the storm peaks, and along the falling limbs (P ≤ 0.05). However, PP concentrations in autumn were similar in harvested and reference streams along the rising limb (P = 0.19) and were lower in harvested streams at the storm peaks and along the falling limbs (P ≤ 0.08). No differences in TDP or PP concentration were detected between harvested and reference streams during baseflow-dominated periods. Mean TDP and PP export coefficients tended to be higher in the post-harvest than pre-harvest year in both reference and harvested watersheds. After normalization to precipitation inputs, this change (“impact ratio”) was 153% and 130% higher in harvested than reference watersheds for TDP and PP, respectively (P ≤ 0.08). The TDP impact ratio and percent of the watershed area cut were positively related (r2 = 0.95, P = 0.02). A 30 m riparian buffer strip in two harvested watersheds did not appear to reduce the harvest response. Keywords: phosphorus, stream, watershed, boreal forest, forest harvest, mechanical site preparation
domestic water quality sampling program in theGroundbirch - Dawson Creek area	Shell Canada	inventory	water quality
Draft Environmental Flows (EFN) Policy for NE BC	Ministry of Environment	Water Management Programs and Tools	ecosystems	Draft Environmental Flows (EFN) Policy for NE BC	This policy provides guidance for considering EFNs in water allocation decisions. The policy evolved from a study of winter low flow and flows under ice conditions in NE BC drawn from literature review of scientific findings. Winter low flows are limiting to fish and uncertainty in defining risk thresholds due to difficulty in generalizing ice dynamics.
Drainage Appliance	Ministry of Transportation	Inventory	infrastructure	Drainage Appliance	Inventory of drainage appliances or earth works designed to facilitate the movement of water in a controlled manner
Drilling and construction of seven groundwater observation wells in the Montney unconventional gas play area.	MoE and FLNRO	Applied Research	groundwater and geology	The drilling and construction of seven groundwater observation wells in the Montney unconventional gas play area; north and west of Dawson Creek. Five of the wells were completed in bedrock aquifers 591 and 593, while two wells were completed in unconsolidated sand and gravel aquifers 590 and 592.	To better understand the hydrogeologic properties in bedrock aquifers 591 and 593; and in unconsolidated sand and gravel aquifers 590 and 592.
Drinking Water Program	Northern Health	Monitoring	regulatory & compliance	Drinking Water Program	To ensure safe, reliable and accessible drinking water
Drinking Water Program	Ministry of Health	Water Management Programs and Tools	drinking water	Drinking Water Program	To ensure safe, reliable and accessible drinking water
Drinking Water Sources (Surface Water PODs)	Ministry of Forest, Lands and Natural Resource Operations	Inventory	water allocation	Drinking Water Sources (Surface Water PODs)	Inventory of water licences (surface water) used for drinking water
Drought Response Planning	Ministry of Environment	Water Stewardship Plans	surface water	Drought Response Planning	Provide information and advisories on drought conditions
Dynamics of evapotranspiration from a riparian pond complex in the Western Boreal Forest, Alberta, Canada	University of Alberta	applied Research	boreal hydrology	Petrone, RM et al. 2007. Dynamics of evapotranspiration from a riparian pond complex in the Western Boreal Forest, Alberta, Canada. Hydrological Processes 21: 1391-1401	The relative contributions to total actual evapotranspiration (AET) from pond and riparian areas in a pond-wetland complex in the Western Boreal Plain (WBP) of northern Alberta are measured using the Bowen ratio energy balance technique. Measurements show that a pond typical of the WBP evaporates at a rate more than twice that of the adjacent riparian peatland. Relating the actual to potential evapotranspiration over both surfaces yields Priestley–Taylor α coefficients of 0·69 and 1·11 for the peatland and pond respectively. Further results demonstrate that the sheltering and turbulent influences of the adjacent forested areas must be considered in the processes governing the permanence of WBP ponds. That is, forestry practices may inadvertently enhance the evaporative losses from the ponds, over and above the controls exerted by the regional climate
Ecohydrological response to peatland drainage and wildfire	McMaster University	applied research	wetland	Sherwood, James H., "ECOHYDROLOGICAL RESPONSE TO PEATLAND DRAINAGE AND WILDFIRE" (2012). Open Access Dissertations and Theses.Paper 6720.	The aim of this thesis was to gain a better understanding of the ecohydrological response and Sphagnum recolonisation of a drained Alberta poor fen that also was impacted by wildfire.
Ecological Catalogue (EcoCat)	Ministry of Environment	Information Management	reports catalogue	Ecological Catalogue (EcoCat)	A database of all government funded research, inventory and monitoring reports - text and interactive map queries
Ecosystem changes related to permafrost thaw	Ministry of Energy, Mines and Natural Gas	Applied Research	aquatic ecosystems	Ecosystem changes related to permafrost thaw	To identify ecosystem change related to permafrost thaw using aerial photographs over the past 50 years
Effect of drainage and wildfire on peat hydrophysical properties	McMaster University	applied research	wetland	Sherwood, J. H., Kettridge, N., Thompson, D. K., Morris, P. J., Silins, U. and Waddington, J. M. (2013), Effect of drainage and wildfire on peat hydrophysical properties. Hydrol. Process., 27: 1866–1874. doi: 10.1002/hyp.9820	Consecutive multiple disturbances to northern peatlands can dramatically impact peat hydrophysical properties. We examine the impact of a double disturbance (drainage and wildfire) on the hydrophysical and moisture retention properties of peat, a key regulator of peatland ecohydrological resilience, and compare this with the impact to each individual disturbance (drainage and wildfire). The compound effect of drainage and wildfire resulted in a shift of the surface datum down the peat profile, revealing denser peat. Less-dense near-surface peats that regulate water-table position and near-surface moisture content, both favourable to Sphagnum recolonization, were lost. At a drained peatland that was then subject to wildfire, peat bulk density increased by 14.1%, von Post humification class increased by two categories and water retention increased by 15.6%, compared with an adjacent burned but undrained (single disturbance) portion of the fen. We discuss the key hydrophysical metrics of peatland vulnerability and outline how they are affected by the isolated impacts of drainage and wildfire, as well as their combined effects. We demonstrate that multiple peatland disturbances have likely led to an increase in hydrological limitations to Sphagnum recovery, which may impact peatland ecohydrological resilience.
Effects of aspen harvesting on groundwater recharge and water table dynamics in a subhumid climate	university of Alberta	applied Research	boreal hydrology	Carrera-Hernandez, JJ et al. 2011. Effects of aspen harvesting on groundwater recharge and water table dynamics in a subhumid climate. Water Resources Research 47(5): DOI: 10.1029/2010WR009684	Numerical experiments were developed using different water table depths and soil textures to investigate the impact of aspen harvesting on hydrological processes on the Western Boreal Plain. The effect of harvesting on soil moisture dynamics, fluxes at the water table, and water table fluctuation were compared for different harvesting scenarios simulated under wet and dry climatic cycles. Strong interaction between shallow water tables (i.e., 2 m) and atmospheric variability is observed for all soil textures and is reduced as the vadose zone thickens, particularly after a dry cycle, as a series of positive net atmospheric fluxes are needed to reduce soil moisture storage in order for recharge to occur. Because of harvesting, the water table fluxes can increase by 50 mm month−1, while on a yearly basis, this increase can reach 200 mm yr−1, with rainfall events taking between 1 and 5 years to become recharge (i.e., time lag). Also, the water table is expected to rise between 1 and 3.5 m, with rainfall–water table rise time lags of 1–3 years; however, the peak manifestation of harvesting on water table elevation can take up to 7 years after harvesting. The effects of aspen harvesting are more pronounced during wet cycles, and the development of forestry activities in the Boreal Plain should consider not only preceding precipitation but also the preceding precipitation–reference evapotranspiration ratio, water table depth, and soil texture. The interaction of these factors needs to be considered in order to develop sustainable forestry plans and avoid waterlogging conditions.
Effects of harvesting on CO2 and H2O Fluxes during wet and dry years in an aspen dominated Western Boreal Plain Forest	University of Waterloo	Applied Research	boreal hydrology	Petrone, R, Chasmer L, Brown SM, Hopkinson C, Silins U, Landhausser S, Kljun N, Devito K. Submitted. Effects of harvesting on CO2 and H2O Fluxes during wet and dry years in an aspen dominated Western Boreal Plain Forest. Canadian Journal of Forest Research.	no abstract available
Effects of water withdrawls from shallow lakes and borrow pits on local ecosystems and adjacent vegetation	BC MFLNRO	Applied research	surface water	John Rex (FLNRO) and Stephan Dery (UNBC) lookingbat effects of water withdrawls from shallow lakes and borrow pits on local ecosystems and adjacent vegetation
Emulation of natural disturbance (END) for riparian forest management: synthesis and recommendations.		applied Research	aquatic ecology	Sibley, P. K.; Kreutzweiser, D. P.; Naylor, B.J.; Richardson, J. S.; Gordon, A. M. 2012. Emulation of natural disturbance (END) for riparian forest management: synthesis and recommendations. Freshwater Science 31:258-264.	Designing management strategies based on the emulation of natural disturbance (END) to promote long-term sustainability of riparian forests and their adjacent aquatic ecosystems is an evolving process. Conceptually, the goal of END in riparian forest management is to mimic, to the extent possible, natural disturbance processes within the range of natural variability of the ecosystem while accounting for both temporal (frequency) and spatial (size) scales of the disturbance. The application of END in riparian forests has been evaluated in a limited but growing number of studies. From these studies, the idea has emerged that END could be used as a tool to enhance forest complexity and resilience capacity through carefully implemented management strategies. In practice, however, this tool presents a formidable challenge, constrained by scientific and social uncertainty. In this BRIDGES cluster we have critically examined: 1) the historical, scientific, and practical foundations of applying END in riparian forest management as an alternative to fixed-width buffers, and 2) the extent to which mimicking natural disturbance and renewal processes can protect aquatic ecosystems through conservation of riparian and aquatic biodiversity. In this synthesis paper, we identify some of the outstanding questions and uncertainties that constrain the integration of END into riparian forest management, provide some initial guiding principles for applying END in riparian areas, and offer recommendations for future research.
Environmental Compliance and Enforcement Reporting	Ministry of Environment	Monitoring	regulatory & compliance	Environmental Compliance and Enforcement Reporting	Information on compliance and enforcement actions
Environmental Emergency Program	Ministry of Environment	Monitoring	regulatory & compliance	Environmental Emergency Program	To prevent, prepare for, mitigate, and respond to spills that effect the environment
Environmental Farm Planning	Ministry of Agriculture	Water Stewardship Plans	planning	Environmental Farm Planning	To provide support to farms interesting in adopting environmental best management practices]
Environmental Monitoring System (EMS) Database	Ministry of Environment	Information Management	database	Environmental Monitoring System (EMS) Database	The EMS database is the primary respository for abiotic and biotic monitoring data collected under the Environmental Management Act
Environmental Protection and Management Guide	BC Oil and Gas Commission	water management Programs and Tools		BC Oil and Gas Commission. 2013. Environmental Protection and Management Guide, June 2013.	The Commission developed this guidebook to assist oil and gas companies and those potentially impacted by oil and gas activities to understand the requirements of the Environmental Protection and Management Regulation (EPMR). This guidebook is not intended to take the place of the applicable legislation. The user is encouraged to read the full text of legislation and each applicable regulation and seek direction from Commission staff, if and when necessary for clarification. This guidebook outlines the minimum legal requirements for environmental protection and management.
Environmental Protection Information Resources e-Library	Ministry of Environment	Information Management	reports catalogue	Environmental Protection Information Resources e-Library	A searchable catalogue that provides access to a broad range of environmental protection information for BC
Environmental Reporting BC	Ministry of Environment	Public Reporting	water indicators	Environmental Reporting BC	Provides access to scientific data and information about our environment and how it relates to British Columbians
Erosion control along transportation routes in Northern Climates		applied research	soil erosion	Claridge, FB and Mirza, AM. 1981. Erosion control along transportation routes in northern climates. ARCTIC 34(2): 147-157.	Overview of erosion control methods for transport lines in northern climates with ice-rich soils.
Evaluated deep saline aquifers in the Horn River Basin and the Montney play for their capabilities to produce the volumes of water necessary to support completions and to accept spent hydraulic fracturing (flow-back) fluids by deep well injection.		applied research		Hayes (2010) and Hayes et al. (2011) evaluated deep saline aquifers in the Horn River Basin and the Montney play for their capabilities to produce the volumes of water necessary to support completions and to accept spent hydraulic fracturing (flow-back) fluids by deep well injection.	To evaluate deep saline aquifers in the Horn River Basin and the Montney play for their capabilities to produce the volumes of water necessary to support completions and to accept spent hydraulic fracturing (flow-back) fluids by deep well injection.
Evaluating the cumulative impacts of air pollution in northeast British Columbia	UBC	applied Research	boreal hydrology	Krzyzanowski, J. 2010. Evaluating the cumulative impacts of air pollution in northeast British Columbia. PhD. UBC	This research examined the potential cumulative impacts of air pollution in northeast British Columbia (BC). It was part of a larger project to develop tools for assessing the cumulative impacts of development in BC’s Treaty 8 traditional territory. Although this study was framed from a First Nations perspective, it has relevance to all residents of the region. The focus is on Criteria Air Contaminants (CAC); whose reporting in Canada is required based on contributions to acid rain, ozone and poor regional air quality. Air pollution in northeast BC is dominated by the upstream oil and gas (UOG) sector. An analysis of official emissions data and reporting policies showed that inventories severely underestimate UOG emission sources. Industry-based emission estimates were combined with a conventional government-based emissions inventory to give a more comprehensive dataset for the region. When CAC sources were considered inclusively and cumulatively across the region’s landscape, emissions of the CAC sulphur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds approximately doubled, reaching intensities comparable to urban areas. Due to the magnitude of SO₂ and NOx emissions, and their known contribution to the acidification of ecosystems in parts of Canada, the Critical Loads of Acidity (CL(A)) were estimated for freshwater lakes in the region. A scarcity of detailed lake chemistry data pre-empted the development of empirical methods for estimating CL(A). Alkalinity and calcium measurements were available for a significant number of lakes and were consequently used as indicators of acidification sensitivity using relationships between these parameters and existing CL(A) estimation procedures. The resulting CL(A) were used alongside Ambient Air Quality Objectives (AAQO) and critical limits for various ecosystem elements, as thresholds for measuring potential air pollution effects. The AERMOD model, traditionally used for simulating the dispersion of UOG emissions from individual sources in BC, was used here to predict ambient concentrations and surface deposition of both SO₂ and NOx from numerous emission sources in an area of both cultural significance and high source density. Results predicted potential threshold exceedances that may have implications for ecosystems, human health and First Nations Treaty rights.
Evaluating the sustainability of landscape change for waterfowl in the Boreal Plains	Ducks Unlimited	applied research	wetlands	Ducks Unlimited. Evaluating the sustainability of landscape change for waterfowl in the Boreal Plains	The goals of this research are to ensure that boreal waterfowl conservation activities are focused on the most important industrial activities and associated biological mechanisms, and that sustainable levels of those activities are identified. Results will inform land use planning processes and guide development of effective best management practices.
Examining climate controls on recent landslides in northern British Columbia, Canada	FLNRO	applied research	mass movement	Eggington, VN et al. 2006. Examining climate controls on recent landslides in northern British Columbia. Streamline Watershed Management Bulletin 11(4).	In northern British Columbia, Canada, temperature and precipitation has been increasing since the beginning of the instrumental record in the late 1800's. These trends may be responsible for the apparent increase in the frequency of landslides in the area. We examined recent landslides in northern British Columbia for both climate causes and weather triggers. To examine for causes of slope failure, we calculated trends in total precipitation, mean temperature, and extreme maximum and minimum temperature from Meteorological Survey of Canada weather stations. To examine for slope failure triggers, we analyzed weather station data for significant temperature or precipitation amounts as well as digital weather imagery from satellites and radar where available. We found a close relation exists between climate causes and landslide type. Large landslides in bedrock occurred during years or long periods of above-average temperature. Landslides in unconsolidated sediments occurred during years or long periods of above-average precipitation. Many of the analyzed failures occurred after warm or variable winters. Where satellite imagery was available, we found convective thunderstorms or large cyclonic storms were common during the time of failure of many landslides. Long-term increases in temperature and precipitation may be preconditioning marginally safe slopes for failure and intense or large- scale storms may be the triggers of such failures.
Examining present and future water resources through watershed modelling	City of Dawson Creek, UNBC	Applied Research	surface water	Examining present and future water resources through watershed modelling	Model to support allocation and withdrawal decisions (G. Saha PhD. Candidate UNBC, supervisor Dr. Jianbing Li)
Examining the surface and groundwater interactions in the Kiskatinaw River watershed, British Columbia	UNBC	applied Research	hydrology	Hirshfield, F. 2011. Examing the surface and groundwater interactions in the Kiskatinaw River watershed, British Columbia: Technical Progress Report. Report to City of Dawson Creek.	The purpose of this document is to communicate to the City of Dawson Creek the (a) current status of the UNBC Kiskatinaw Watershed Research Project (b) provide an outline of original study objectives and subsequent revision of research objectives (c) tasks outlined for upcoming field season and (d) summarize preliminary study results.
Examining water sources in NE BC in support of responsible development of unconventional gas	Geoscience BC	Applied Research	water resource	Anglin, L. 2011. Examining water sources in NE BC in support of responsible development of unconventional gas. Conference presentation.
Farmwest Evaporation Estimates	Farmwest (partnership with: Environment Canada, BC Ministry of Agriculture, BC Ministry of Transportation, Irrigation Industry Association of BC, Metro Vancouver, Pacific Field Corn Association)	Decision Support Tool	climate	Farmwest Evapotranspiration Calculator
Farrell and Cache Creek Watersheds	Geoscience BC	Applied Research	water resource	Farrell and Cache Creek Watersheds Poster
Field investigation in September 1966 and additional notes on disposal of gas field brines in the Peace River area. Includes background, gas field site descriptions, local topography and geology, explanation of gas well operation and brine production, brine description, disposal methods and problems, field observations of brine producing sites, conclusions and recommendations, site map with gas field locations , Groundwater Division, 6 pages, NTS Map 094A01	Groundwater Division, Dept of Lands, Forests and Water Resources, BC Livingston, E.	Applied Research		Disposal of gas field brines in the Peace River area.	Disposal of gas field brines in the Peace River area. Includes background, gas field site descriptions, local topography and geology, explanation of gas well operation and brine production, brine description, disposal methods and problems, field observations of brine producing sites, conclusions and recommendations, site map with gas field locations , Groundwater Division, 6 pages, NTS Map 094A01
Field supplement to: Evaluating the condition of streams and riparian management areas (Riparian management routine effectiveness evaluation)	Forest & Range Evaluation Program	monitoring	riparian	Tripp, D.B., P.J. Tschaplinski, S.A. Bird and D.L. Hogan. 2009. Field Supplement to Evaluating the Condition of Streams and Riparian Management Areas (Riparian Management Routine Effectiveness Evaluation). Forest and Range Evaluation Program, B.C. Min. For. Range, Victoria, B.C.	The field supplement provides guidance on what information is needed and how it should be collected and recorded for each indicator listed on the riparian field cards. While not as complete as the full protocol, the supplement also tries to describe the indicators so that they can be readily identified in the field.The field supplement does not offer guidance on how to answer each of the 15 questions on the riparian field cards. This guidance is provided in the protocol and to a large extent by the questions themselves. However, with a complete understanding, evaluation and measurement of each indicator on the field cards, completion of the questions should be straight forward.
Fish and Fish Habitat Inventory	BC Ministry of Water, Land and Air Protection	monitoring	monitoring	BC WLAP. 2004. Overview Fish and Fish Habitat Inventory.
Fisheries Sensitive Watersheds (FSW)	Ministry of Forest, Lands and Natural Resource Operations	Water Management Programs and Tools	ecosystems	Fisheries Sensitive Watersheds (FSW)	Process for designating FSW under FRPA
Fish Inventory Database	Ministry of Environment	Inventory	water resource	Fish Inventory Database	Database of fisheries information and fish inventory studies
Fish Inventory Summary System (FISS)	Ministry of Environment	Information Management	database	Fish Inventory Summary System (FISS)	Collates available fish and aquatic ecosystem information and can be accessed through the text based query tool or geographically using Habitat Wizard
Fish Passage Activity Engineering Standards	BC Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations	Water Management Programs and Tools	fish habitat	Fish Passage Technical Working Group. 2013. Fish Passage Activity Engineering Standards. BC MFLNRO.	This activity standards document is intended to outline the criteria for fish passage restoration projects. Activities are focused on the layout, design, construction and post-construction inspections for the restoration of fish passage at priority fish stream crossings on Forest Service roads (FSRs), Road Permit roads (pre-1995), and non-status roads.
Fish Passage Program	Ministry of Forest, Lands and Natural Resource Operations	Inventory	water resource	Fish Passage Program	A program under the Land Based Investment Strategy to remediate barriers to fish passage
Fish Passage Technical Working Group	BC Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations	Water Management Programs and Tools	fish habitat	Webpage: Fish Passage Technical Working Group	Between 1995 and 2006, industry and government staff highlighted the need for action associated with the many historic closed bottom structures on fish streams that had become full or partial barriers to fish passage. Federal and Provincial government staff along with forest industry staff worked on the development of a guidance document Fish-Stream Crossing Guidebook, 2002 and improvement of methods to assess and set priorities to fix fish passage problems. Government executive and industry supported continued work on dealing with these problem structures through more complete assessment and remediation of priority problem structures. (See the attached Reference Letter). The Fish Passage Technical Working Group was formed to coordinate and advance the work done to date by government (Federal and Provincial) and industry staff.
Fish Stream Crossing Guidebook	BC Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations, BC Ministry of Environment, Fisheries and Oceans Canada	Water Management Programs and Tools	fish habitat	BC Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations, BC Ministry of Environment, Fisheries and Oceans Canada. 2012. Fish-stream crossing guidebook, revised edition.	The purpose of this revised guidebook is to help forest and other resource managers and practitioners plan, prescribe, and implement sound fish-stream crossing practices to maintain fish passage and protect fish and fish habitat as required by the Forest and Range Practices Act and the federal Fisheries Act. It provides practitioners with current legislative and technical reference material regarding fish passage, including British Columbia's strategic approach to addressing fish passage at culverts.
Fish-Stream Crossing Guidebook	Ministry of Forest, Lands and Natural Resource Operations	Water Management Programs and Tools	ecosystems	Fish-Stream Crossing Guidebook	Provides specific guidance for road builders to ensure fish habitat is protecting during construction and that new fish stream crossings are build to allow the passage of fish.
Floodplain Mapping	Ministry of Environment	Inventory	water resource	Floodplain Mapping	To provide information to minimize flood damage
Forest and Range Evaluation Program (FREP) - Fish/Riparian	Ministry of Forest, Lands and Natural Resource Operations	Monitoring	effectiveness	Forest and Range Evaluation Program (FREP) - Fish/Riparian	Effectiveness monitoring to determine if forestry activities have been effective in maintaining the structural integrity and functions of stream ecosystems
Forest and Range Evaluation Program (FREP) - Fish/Watershed	Ministry of Forest, Lands and Natural Resource Operations	Monitoring	effectiveness	Forest and Range Evaluation Program (FREP) - Fish/Watershed	A watershed assessment protocol to determine the effectiveness of watershed management to protect values associated with fish and their habitats.
Forest and Range Evaluation Program (FREP) - Water Quality	Ministry of Forest, Lands and Natural Resource Operations	Monitoring	effectiveness	Forest and Range Evaluation Program (FREP) - Water Quality	Effectiveness monitoring program to quantify the effect of forestry and range related disturbances on water quality
Forest and Range Evaluation Program Riparian Protocol - Why these indicators?	Forest & Range Evaluation Program	monitoring	riparian	Tschaplinski, P and Browne, K. 2010. Forest and range evaluation program riparian protocol - Why these indicators? FREP Extension Note #9, May 2010.	There are 15 indicator questions used in the FREP Protocol for Evaluating the Condition of Streams and Riparian Management Areas (the FREP Riparian Protocol) to assess the functioning condition or ‘health’ of a stream reach. Stream reaches that are in properly functioning condition are not necessarily pristine streams that lack any kind of human or natural disturbance. Rather, they are streams that can withstand normal peak flood events without experiencing accelerated soil loss, channel movement or bank movement; can filter runoff; can store and safely release water; can maintain aquatic habitat connectivity within the stream network and between the stream and adjacent riparian area; can maintain an adequate root network or large woody debris supply; and can provide shade and reduce bank microclimate change.
Forest harvest impacts on water quality and aquatic biota on the Boreal Plain: introduction to the TROLS lake program	TROLS Project	applied Research	boreal hydrology	Prepas, EE et al. Forest harvest impacts on water quality and awuatic biota on the Boreal Plain: introduction to the TROLS lake program. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 2001, 58(2): 421-436, 10.1139/f00-259	Eleven headwater lakes in Alberta's Boreal Plain were monitored for nutrients and plankton 2 years before and 2 years after variable watershed harvesting (harvesting mean 15%, range 0-35%). After harvesting, variations in annual precipitation resulted in lake water residence times that differed by an order of magnitude from one year to the next. During the first posttreatment year, total phosphorus concentrations increased (overall 40%) in most lakes; however, response was most consistent in lakes that were shallow and the water column mixed or weakly thermally stratified. Chlorophyll a, cyanobacteria (Aphanizomenon-Anabaena), and cyanotoxins (microcystin-LR) increased after harvesting, primarily in shallow lakes. Zooplankton abundance and biomass decreased after harvesting, particularly in stratified lakes where edible phytoplankton biomass declined. In the weakly or nonstratified lakes, declines in zooplankton biomass were associated with higher cyanobacterial biomass and cyanotoxins. Posttreatment change in total phosphorus concentration was strongly related to weather (greatest response in a wet year) and relative drainage basin size (drainage basin area to lake volume, r2 = 0,78, P << 0,01). There was no evidence that buffer strip width (20, 100, and 200 m) influenced lake response. These results suggest that activities within the entire watershed should be the focus of catchment-lake interactions.
Forest peatland drainage and subsidence affect soil water retention and transport properties in an Alberta peatland	University of Alberta	applied research	wetland	Silins, U et al. 1998. Forest peatland drainage and subsidence affect soil water retention and transport properties in an Alberta peatland. Soil Science Society of America Journal. 62(4): 1048-1056.	Water table level control by drainage improves forested peatland sites for tree growth, but can also result in subsidence of the peatland surface. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of changes to peat bulk density associated with postdrainage subsidence on peat hydrologic properties at a peatland drained for forestry in north-central Alberta, Canada. Peat hydrologic functions were determined by inverse techniques developed for multistep outflow experiments (MULSTP). Seven years after drainage, mean peat bulk density (0–40-cm depth) was 63% greater and mean soil water retention (−5 to −15000 cm pressure head) was 66% greater than peat from the nearby undrained control area. Subsidence after drainage was associated with loss of pores >600-µm diam. with concurrent increases in 3- to 30-mm-diam. pore-size classes. Mean saturated hydraulic conductivity was 1.69 and 14.46 cm h-1, while mean unsaturated hydraulic conductivity (−5 to −15000 cm pressure head) was 0.014 and 0.004 cm h-1 in peat from drained and undrained areas, respectively. Changes in water transport characteristics and in the pool of “plant-available” soil water will probably be beneficial to tree growth in the drained area.
Forest Practices Board	Forest Practices Board	Public Reporting	forestry	Forest Practices Board	The Forest Practices Board monitors and oversees forest and range practices on public land, as well as government’s enforcement of the Forest and Range Practices Act.
Forest Road Construction and Maintenance	US Forest Service	applied Research	wetland	Forest Road Construction and Maintenance (No Date). US Forest Service.	Provides guidelines for road construction, including roads through different types of wetlands
FP Innovations - Resource roads and wetlands	FP Innovations	Water Management Programs and Tools	Wetlands	Resource roads and wetlands	FPInnovations will further evaluate resource roads performance in wetland conditions. Our efforts aim to: Identify specific research questions around drainage structure performance in wetlands. Investigate and propose practical, cost-effective solutions that provide water passage/drainage through roads traversing wetland conditions. Conduct trial installations to evaluate the costs, operational feasibility, and short-term performance of any proposed water passage/drainage improvement alternatives; successful existing practices are to be evaluated for operational and cost-effective improvements. Conduct long-term monitoring of site (water, vegetation) and road properties to determine the effectiveness of alternative water passage/drainage solutions.
FracFocus Chemical Disclosure Registry	BC Oil and Gas Commission, Governments of Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Yukon	Public Reporting	oil and gas	FracFocus Chemical Disclosure Registry	to provide Canadians with objective information on hydraulic fracturing, what legislation and regulations are in place to protect the environment including groundwater, and transparency on the ingredients that make up hydraulic fracturing fluids.
Fracturing fluid flowback reuse project: Decision tree and guidance manual	Petroleum Technology Alliance Canada and Science and Community Environmental Knowledge (SCEK) Fund	Applied Research	hydraulic fracturing	MI-SWACO. 2011. Fracturing fluid flowback reuse project. Report submitted to Petroleum Technology Alliance of Canada and the Science and Community Environmental Knowledge (SCEK) Fund.	Water has become a major economic factor in current fracturing technologies. The industry has learned that water need not be fresh, but may be reused if the chemistry is correct or can be adapted. This study aims to identify a methodology, in the form of a Decision Tree and Guidance Manual, and supporting Appendices and Case Studies, so that producers can work with service companies to determine the limiting factors and mitigation or control scenarios for using water with high salinity or other undesirable constituents for making up fracturing fluid. The methodology and technologies that have been suggested incorporate the science and practice of hydraulic fracturing with fracturing fluid management and treatment technologies.
Freshwater Atlas	Ministry of Forest, Lands and Natural Resource Operations	Inventory	water resource	Freshwater Atlas	A standardized dataset for mapping the province's hydrological features
From reclamation to restoration: Native grass species for revegetation in northeast British Columbia	University of Victoria - School of Environmental Studies	Applied research	reclamation	Huff, V. 2009. From reclamation to restoration: Native grass species for revegetation in northeast British Columbia. MSc Thesis. School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria.	Review and assessment of native grasses for use in revegetation and restoration in NE BC. This information will be valuable to land managers interested in moving beyond reclamation to ecological restoration of sites disturbed by oil and gas development. Developing practices that are environmentally sound and socially acceptable requires ongoing botanical inventory. Plant traits may be useful in matching species to site conditions and restoration goals. Policy recommendations include phasing in of requirements to use native seed while restricting the use of agronomic species, promoting natural colonization, and supporting a native seed industry.
Full Integrated Environmental Impact Statement (with amendments) for Site C Clean Energy Project - Volume 2	Site C Clean Energy Project	Inventory	environmental assessment	Full Integrated Environmental Impact Statement (with amendments) for Site C Clean Energy Project - Volume 2 - August 7, 2013	Water-related information for Site C proposal
Funtioning condition of randomly selected reference streams associated with recent forest harvesting in British Columbia (2005-2009)	Forest & Range Evaluation Program	monitoring		Tripp, D. 2013. Functioning condition of randomly selected reference streams associated with recent forest harvesting in British Columbia (2005-2009). FREP Extension Note #30, July 2013.	Reference streams (or stream reaches) are streams that are largely unaffected by human activities at the watershed scale. This does not mean the stream or watershed area upslope of the stream is necessarily in pristine condition or lacks significant impacts or disturbances, only that no significant disturbances attributable to humans exist. Reference condition, as opposed to pristine condition, allows for naturally occurring impacts. Reference streams encompass the entire range of natural disturbances caused by physical agents, such as floods, fires, landslides, or storms. These streams also encompass natural impacts caused by biological agents, such as diseases, insect infestations, or animal activities (e.g., beaver dams, excessive trampling or browsing by native ungulates, beetle kill). Reference streams are thus essential in helping establish natural background levels of disturbance in the absence of human activities.
Further travels in the Canadian Cordillera	FLNRO	applied Research	landslides	Geertsema M, Cruden DM. 2014. Further travels in the Canadian Cordillera. 6th Canadian Conference on Geohazards, Kingston ON	lanslide mapping in NE BC
Geological Survey of Canada	Natural Resources Canada	Applied Research	geoscience	Geological Survey of Canada	To provide geoscientific information and research
Geological Survey of Canada Technical Landslide Guidelines	Geological Survey of Canada and Canadian Geotechnical Society	Applied Research	mass movement	GSC Technical Landslide Guidelines	9 chapters cover the development of landslide guidelines to support loss reduction
Geoscience BC: Northeast British Columbia Water Studies	Geoscience BC	applied research	water management	Geoscience BC. 2011. Northeast BC Water Studies	summary of water research being conducted by Geoscience BC and partners
Global Peatland Restoration Manual	Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Greifswald University, Germany	applied research	wetland	Schumann, M and Joosten, H. 2008. Global Peatland Restoration Manual. Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Greifswald University, Germany .	The following document presents a science based and practical guide to peatland restoration for policy makers and site managers.
Groundbirch Paleovalley	Ministry of Energy, Mines and Natural Gas	Applied Research	geoscience	Groundbirch Paleovalley	To delineate the geological framework of the unconsolidated aquifers within the Groundbirch paleovalley
Groundwater Level	Ministry of Environment	Monitoring	status and trend	Groundwater Level	Ground water levels in the groundwater well observation network
Groundwater Observation Well Network	Ministry of Environment	Monitoring	status and trend	Groundwater Observation Well Network	A program to collect, analyze and interpret groundwater information covering various developed aquifers in BC.
Groundwater Well Capture Zones	Ministry of Environment	Inventory	water resource	Groundwater Well Capture Zones	A spatial layer showing different polygons based on time for water to travel through aquifers. The spatial layer is used for groundwater protection plans and strategies.
GUIDANCE DOCUMENT FOR DETERMINING GROUND WATER AT RISK OF CONTAINING PATHOGENS (GARP) INCLUDING GROUND WATER UNDER DIRECT INFLUENCE OF SURFACE WATER (GWUDI)	Ministry of Health	water management Programs and Tools	drinking water	BC Ministry of Health. 2012. Guidance Document for Determining Ground Water at Rish of Containing Pathogens (GARP) including Ground Water Under Direct Influence of Surface Water (GWUDI), Version 1. Health Protection Branch, Population and Public Health Division, Ministry of Health.	The Guidance Document for Determining Ground Water at Risk of Containing Pathogens (GARP) Including Ground Water under Direct Influence of Surface Water (GWUDI) was developed to assist water suppliers and regulatory authorities with assessing the level of potential health hazard and risk associated with a ground water source. The implementation of the information and assessment process presented in this document should not be taken as equivalent to provincial or local legislation or standards. Regulatory authorities should be consulted prior to application of this document in site‐specific settings.
Guidance Document for Groundwater Information for an Environmental Assessment of Deep Saline Groundwater Extraction in the Horn River Basin	Ministry of Environment	Monitoring	protocols & procedures	Guidance Document for Groundwater Information for an Environmental Assessment of Deep Saline Groundwater Extraction in the Horn River Basin	This guidance document clarifies the groundwater related information requirements that proponents should prepare and is focused on the type of hydrogeological data that must be provided to demonstrate the hydraulic separation between the formation where saline groundwater is being extracted and the shallow groundwater and surface water systems
Guidance document for hydrometric, climate and water quality monitoring design	Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers (CAPP)	monitoring	monitoring	Matrix Solutions Inc. 2013. Guidance document for hydrometric, climate and water quality monitoring design. Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers. February 2013.	The purpose of this document is to provide best management practice guidance for operators and practitioners that are implementing hydrometric, climate and water quality monitoring programs. It is not intended to be a compliance or regulatory document. However, the benefit of adhering as closely as possible to the recommendations is to ensure that appropriate, scientifically rigourous and defensible environmental data is collected, irrespective of project scale or type of monitoring program. A summary of the key components that should be considered in designing effective monitoring programs in the shale gas industry in Western Canada is provided below. Detailed information is contained in a companion report prepared for the Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers Shale Gas Water Technical Committee (Matrix Solutions 2012).
Guide for determining hydrometric, climate and water quality monitoring standards for oil and gas operators	Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers (CAPP)	monitoring	monitoring	Matrix Solutions Inc. 2013. Guide for determining hydrometric, climate and water quality monitoring standards for oil and gas operators. Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers. February 2013.	The Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers (CAPP) Shale Gas Water Technical Committee retained the services of Matrix Solutions Inc. to assess pre-existing monitoring standards and their applicability to shale gas operators as a best management practice. These pre-existing standards apply to hydrometric, climate and water quality data and can be applied to any monitoring program in the shale gas industry. The intent of the document is not compliance or regulatory but to provide guidance and recommendations to ensure that appropriate, scientifically rigorous and defensible environmental data is collected, irrespective of project scale or type of monitoring program. As a result, the primary objectives of this report are: 1. To provide a comprehensive review of existing provincial and federal protocols for hydrometric, climate and water quality monitoring with a focus on pre-existing standards/protocols set in the provinces of Alberta and British Columbia (BC) but including other jurisdictions where appropriate; and 2. To provide guidance and recommendations for a best management practice approach to the design of scientifically rigorous and defensible monitoring programs for operators and practitioners that are required to, or are implementing surface water quantity, water quality and climatological monitoring efforts.
Guideline for the Selection of Valued Components and Assessment of Potential Effects	BC Environmental Assessment Office	water management Programs and Tools	environmental assessment	Guidelines for the Selection of Valued Components and Assessment of Potential Effects	This Guideline provides guidance on the typical methodological steps in an environmental assessment, from issues scoping through the evaluation (including significance determination) of residual effects (i.e., those effects remaining after the implementation of all mitigation measures). It does not provide detailed methodological guidance for assessing cumulative effects or developing follow-up programs; users are encouraged to refer to other available guidance and consult with EAO regarding these steps.
Guidelines for Numerical Groundwater Models for Assessing Impacts of Proposed Natural Resource Development Activities	Ministry of Environment	Water Management Programs and Tools	groundwater	Guidelines for Numerical Groundwater Models for Assessing Impacts of Proposed Natural Resource Development Activities	To provide guidance to industry and government agencies on how to develop, use, and review groundwater models used to assess environmental impacts due to mining and large groundwater extraction projects.
Guidelines for sampling benthic invertebrates in British Columbia Streams	BC Ministry of Environment	monitoring	water quality	Beatty, JM et al. 2006. Guidelines for sampling benthic invertebrates in British Columbia Streams. BC Ministry of Environment.	There is a wealth of printed literature as well as information accessible on the internet from agencies and universities, which can provide good advice on sampling devices, analytical and statistical methods to produce more reliable and reproducible information. These guidelines are intended for a wide audience as opposed to benthic ecology experts. However, the guidelines are an attempt to aassist government and non‐government investigators, proponents of land development or industry, by providing pertinent references as well as recommendations for standardizing sampling methods acceptable to the ministry to enhance the comparability and validity of benthic invertebrate monitoring data in B.C. Appendix 1 has a list of contacts in Victoria and in each of the ministry’s regional offices, who may be contacted for more information and/or advice.
Guidelines for the risk management of peat slips on the construction of low volume/low cost roads over peat	ROADEX	water management Programs and Tools	wetland	MacCullough, F. 2006. Guidelines for the risk management of peat slips on the construction of low volume/low cost roads over peat. ROADEX.	There is an increasing demand from windfarm developers, the Scottish Executive and Local Authorities for guidance on how to assess the risk of peat slips associated with windfarm access roads. Forestry Civil Engineering (FCE), a part of the Forestry Commission, has been approached to provide this guidance. This report proposes a simplified methodology for the initial site assessment and provides guidelines to minimise the risk of peat slips during construction of the road.
HabitatWizard	Ministry of Environment	Decision Support Tool	interactive map	HabitatWizard	HabitatWizard links to provincial databases, providing information on fish observations, fish ranges, obstacles, stream and lake physical information, aerial photography, the watershed atlas, fish stocking records and bathymetric mapping for over 2500 lakes.
Harnessing Science and Technology to Understand the Environmental Impacts of Shale Gas Extraction	Council of Canadian Academies	Applied research	shale gas	Council of Canadian Academies. 2014. Harnessing Science and Technology to Understand the Environmental Impacts of Shale Gas Extraction. For release after May 1, 2014	What is the state of knowledge of potential environmental impacts from the exploration, extraction, and development of Canada’s shale gas resources, and what is the state of knowledge of associated mitigation options?
Hazards related to permafrost and to permafrost degradation: Local ground movements and effects on infrastructures	PermaNet	applied Research	permafrost	Dall’Amico M et al. (2011). Chapter 4: Local ground movements and effects on infrastructures. In Schoeneich P. et al. (eds): Hazards related to permafrost and to permafrost degradation. PermaNET project, state-of-the-art report 6.2. On-line publication ISBN 978- 2-903095-59-8, p. 107-147.	Local ground movements may be defined as phenomena of instability that affect slopes or flat ground in a surface of hundreds to thousands of square meters. Local ground movements are a common feature in permafrost areas, and include: • Horizontal downslope movements, due to the creep of permafrost bodies. • Vertical settling movements, due to the melting of ice bodies and/or interstitial ice.
Hazards related to permafrost and to permafrost degradation: Permafrost and debris flows	PermaNet	applied Research	permafrost	Zischg A et al. (2011). Chapter 2: Permafrost and debris-flows. In Schoeneich P. et al. (eds): Hazards related to permafrost and to permafrost degradation. PermaNET project, state-of-the-art report 6.2. On-line publication ISBN 978-2-903095-59-8, p. 29-66.	Debris flows are rapid gravity induced mass movements that consist of sediment saturated with water. A debris flow event is the results of a combination of many triggering factors, and the isolation of the influence of permafrost to the debris flow event against the other triggering factors is difficult. For many debris flows that originated at altitudes above 2500 m, the influence of permafrost could be proven or is supposed. Torrential systems can be classified into two main categories: • Transport capacity limited torrents: in such torrents, a sufficient debris supply is always available. Debris flows are limited by the amount of available water and its transport capacity. Only an increase of water availability can lead to an increase in debris flows. • Debris limited torrents: in such torrents, the transport capacity of debris flows exceeds the debris supply. Debris flows are limited by the amount of available debris. Thus the influence of permafrost on debris flow intensity or frequency will strongly depend on the type of control driving the torrential system.
Hazards related to permafrost and to permafrost degradation: Rockfalls	PermaNet	applied Research	permafrost	Deline P et al. (2011). Chapter 3: Rockfalls. In Schoeneich P. et al. (eds): Hazards related to permafrost and to permafrost degradation. PermaNET project, state-of-the-art report 6.2. On-line publication ISBN 978-2-903095-59-8, p. 67-105.
Historic Snow Survey Data	Ministry of Environment	Monitoring	surface water	Historic snow survey data: station list	archive of long-term manual snow survey data for stations across BC
Horn River Basin Aquifer Project (Phase 1)	GeoScience BC	Applied Research	groundwater	Horn River Basin Aquifer Project (Phase 1)	A research project with three objectives: 1) synthesize available geological information to produce a stratigraphic framework for hydrogeological / aquifer analysis; 2) facilitate collection of aquifer and fluid data from new Producer Group wells, particularly those being drilled for water supply and disposal and 3) undertake a systematic hydrogeological investigation of potential aquifers in the Horn River Basin in order to quantify and map reservoir capacity and productivity / injectivity potential.
Horn River Basin Water Study - Surface and Ground Water Baseline Research (Phase 2)	GeoScience BC	Applied Research	surface water	Horn River Basin Water Study - Surface and Ground Water Baseline Research (Phase 2)	To undertake baseline research on surface and groundwater quality and quantity in the Horn River Basin
How do natural disturbances and human activities affect soils and tree nutrition and growth in the Canadian boreal forest?	NRCAN	applied Research	soil	Maynard et al. 2014. InPress. How do natural disturbances and human activities affect soils and tree nutrition and growth in the Canadian boreal forest? Environmental Reviews.	There are concerns about the effect of increasing resource extraction and other human activities on the soils and vegetation of the boreal zone. The review covers published papers between 1974 and 2012 to assess the effects of natural disturbances and human activities on soils and tree nutrition and growth of the Canadian boreal zone. Changes in soil and foliar nutrients following disturbance were also analyzed by meta-analysis. When sufficient replicated studies were not available for a given disturbance or nutrient, response assessments or narrative summaries are presented. The majority of fertilization studies in the boreal zone showed a positive tree growth response to nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilization either individually or in combination. Large amounts of N may be lost through volatilization following fire depending on the severity and frequency of the fire. This may contribute to N limitation in the boreal zone. Available soil P and extractable calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) increased in the surface horizons following fire. In contrast, extractable P decreased following harvest. Harvesting had no effect on total or inorganic N except in mixedwoods where total N decreased in the surface organic horizon following harvest. These are potential areas of concern given tree growth responses to N and P fertilization. Potassium (K) in the forest floor did not change following fire or harvesting; thus, K availability for tree nutrition should not be at risk, since its cycle is rapidly restored. Mercury (Hg) cycling may be altered in the boreal zone as a result of flooding and if fire return intervals and intensities increase. Interactions of multiple disturbances may increase the risk of nutrient depletions, but there is currently little information on these interactions in the boreal zone. Evidence to date suggests the soils of the Canadian boreal zone have not been adversely affected except in localized areas. However, there is the risk of nutrient loss if soils are not considered in our forest management strategies, particularly where multiple disturbances may interact. The potential for off-site movement of nutrients and contaminants into the atmospheric and aquatic ecosystems, in addition to on-site environmental issues, is also a concern. Keywords: boreal, disturbances, nutrient cycling, nitrogen, phosphorus, base cations, mercury, soils
Human Health Risk Assessment of Oil and Gas Activities in the NE	Ministry of Health	Applied Research	human health	Human Health Risk Assessment of Oil and Gas Activities in the NE	To evaluate potential human health concerns from oil and gas activity
Hydraulic fracture water usage in northeast British Columbia: locations, volumes and trends	MEMPR	Applied research			Approximately 500 wells, dating from 2005 to 2010, each with more than three fracture stages, were analyzed in terms of water use and gas production. Special focus was placed on fracture type, stimulation volume, well location and number of fractures per well.
Hydraulic Fracture Water Usage in Northeast British Columbia: Locations, Volumes and Trends	Ministry of Energy, Mines and Natural Gas	Applied Research	water use	Hydraulic Fracture Water Usage in Northeast British Columbia: Locations, Volumes and Trends	To gain an understanding on the aspects of multistage hydraulic fracturing that most affect water consumption and the location and extent to which they are being employed.
Hydrological principles for conservation of water resources within a changing forested landscape	Sustainable Forest Management Network (SFMN)	Applied Research	watershed mgmt	Creed et al. 2011. Hydrological principles for conservation of water resources within a changing forested landscape. SFMN, Edmonton, AB.	"This report presents a set of hydrological principles that can be used to inform forest policies and practices and be translated into actions for sustainable forest management in Canada. These principles were developed as part of a backcasting-from-principles approach to planning that envisions a desired future constrained a set of principles, and then considers the policy and practical steps necessary to arrive there. Many of the concepts underlying the hydrological principles are currently represented in some provinces and territories. However, these principles should serve as the first step in opening a dialogue between forest hydrologists, managers and policy makers. This will help to establish a unified framework for sustainable forest management across the country."
Hydrological trends and variability in the Liard River basin		applied research	surface water	Donald H. Burn , Juraj M. Cunderlik & Alain Pietroniro (2004) Hydrological trends and variability in the Liard River basin / Tendances hydrologiques et variabilité dans le basin de la rivière Liard, Hydrological Sciences Journal, 49:1, 53-67, DOI: 10.1623/hysj.49.1.53.53994
Hydrologic impacts of climate change in the Peace, Campbell and Columbia watersheds, British Columbia, Canada: Hydrologic Modelling Project Final Report (Part II)	PCIC	applied Research	climate change	Schnorbus, M et al. 2011. Hydrologic impacts of climate change in the Peace, Campbell and Columbia watersheds, British Columbia, Canada: Hydrologic Modelling Project Final Report (Part II). Pacific Climate Impacts Consortium.	A high-resolution, physically-based macro-scale hydrologic model has been applied to quantify the hydrologic impacts of projected climate change within the Peace, Campbell and Upper Columbia watersheds in British Columbia. The three study watersheds contain numerous important BC Hydro heritage assets for hydroelectric generation and represent a range of hydro-climatic regimes and scales. Streamflow projections were made for several project sites within the study areas, corresponding to current BC Hydro heritage asset sites, potential sites of future hydroelectric development (i.e., Site C), as well as several natural drainages. This study utilized a suite of eight global climate models (GCMs) driven by three emissions scenarios, intended to capture a range of high, medium and low projected greenhouse gas emissions and to project a wide range of potential climate responses for the 2050s time period (2041-2070). Climate projections were statistically downscaled and used to drive the hydrology model at high spatial resolution. This methodology of selecting multiple GCMs coupled to three emissions scenarios covers a large range of potential future climates for BC and explicitly addresses both emissions and GCM uncertainty in the final hydrologic projections.
Hydrologic impacts of climate change on BC Water Resources: Summary report for the Campbell, Columbia and Peace River Watersheds	PCIC	Applied Research	surface water	Zwiers et al. 2011. Hydrologic impacts of climate change on BC Water Resources: Summary report for the Campbell, Columbia and Peace River Watersheds. PCIC Report
Hydrologic modelling and decision support tool development for water allocation, Northeastern British Columbia	Geoscience BC	applied Research	hydrology	Chapman, A., Kerr, B. andWilford, D. (2012): Hydrological modelling and decision-support tool development for water allocation, northeastern British Columbia; in Geoscience BC Summary of Activities 2011, Geoscience BC, Report 2012-1, p. 81–86.	In northeastern British Columbia, unconventional gas development requires large quantities of water, with the largest volumes of water used for hydraulic fracturing for well stimulation and completion. The management of water for industrial uses is the responsibility of the BC Oil and Gas Commission (OGC), through short-term water use approvals, and the BCMinistry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations (FLNRO), through long-term water licenses. For much of northeastern BC, there is a dearth of hydrometric measurements to directly support decisionmaking under the Water Act. As a result, there is a strong need for hydrologicalmodelling to provide quantified estimates ofmonthly, seasonal and annual runoff thus allowing estimations of water availability for water use approvals. A hydrological modelling pilot project (Chapman and Kerr, 2011), utilizing available gridded climate data and land cover/vegetation data, and encompassing the Horn River Basin and Liard Basin gas play areas, concluded that there is utility in pursuing amonthlywater balancemodelling approach. Following the pilot project, the OGC, in partnership with Geoscience BC and FLNRO, is now extending and fine-tuning the hydrological modelling to all of northeastern BC. This paper summarizes the current status of the modelling project as of November 2011. The project is anticipated to be completed in early 2012.
iMap	GeoBC	Decision Support Tool	interactive map	iMap	An interactive map tool to view provincial spatial data
Impacts and prognosis of natural resource development on aquatic biodiversity in Canada's boreal zone	NRCAN	applied Research	aquatic ecology	Kreutzweiser, D et al. 2013. Impacts and prognosis of natural resouce development on aquatic biodiversity in Canada's boreal zone. Environmental Reviews 21: 227-259.	Conservation efforts to sustain water resources and aquatic biodiversity in boreal watersheds will require reliable information on the recent status of various indicator species and an improved understanding of the risks to aquatic biodiversity posed by resource development activities. We reviewed the recent state of knowledge on the responses of aquatic biodiversity to forest management, pulp and paper mill effluents, hydroelectric impoundments, mining of minerals and metals, oil sands extractions, and peat mining and offer a prognosis for aquatic biodiversity under each of these environmental stressors. Despite the prevalence of natural resource development in Canada’s largest forest ecosystem, there was a limited amount of published literature on the effects of many of the disturbance types on various indicators of aquatic biodiversity, making it difficult to produce a current and reliable status assessment. Across most of the boreal zone, there is a lack of coordinated, consistent data collection for many of the bioindicators and disturbance types discussed in this review. Forecasting the future state of aquatic biodiversity across the boreal zone is challenged by increasing natural resource development and its interactions with other stressors, especially climate change. The cumulative effects of multiple stressors coupled with resource development activities in boreal watersheds remain largely unknown. More importantly, the ecological thresholds for these cumulative effects (that is, the point at which aquatic ecosystems and their biodiversity cannot recover to a desired state within a reasonable time frame) are also unknown and remain gaps in our knowledge. The recent literature identifies a number of risks to aquatic biodiversity at local (tens of square kilometres) to regional (hundreds of square kilometres) scales associated with natural resource development. There are indications that many of these risks can be minimized by “greener” technologies for resource development and reclamation, practical conservation planning and regulation, and increased stewardship in watershed management, although the effectiveness of many of these measures cannot yet be assessed from the published literature.
Impacts and prognosis of natural resource development on water and wetlands in Canada’s boreal zone. Environmental Reviews	NRCAN	applied Research	boreal hydrology	Webster et al. [in review] Impacts and prognosis of natural resource development on water and wetlands in Canada’s boreal zone. Environmental Reviews.	not available at this time
Impacts of climate change in three hydrologic regimes in British Columbia, Canada	PCIC	applied Research	climate change	Schnorbus, M et al. 2014. Impacts of climate change in three hydrologic regimes in British Columbia, Canada. Hydrological Processes 28: 1170-1189.	Hydrologic modelling has been applied to assess the impacts of projected climate change within three study areas in the Peace, Campbell and Columbia River watersheds of British Columbia, Canada. These study areas include interior nival (two sites) and coastal hybrid nival–pluvial (one site) hydro-climatic regimes. Projections were based on a suite of eight global climate models driven by three emission scenarios to project potential climate responses for the 2050s period (2041–2070). Climate projections were statistically downscaled and used to drive a macro-scale hydrology model at high spatial resolution. This methodology covers a large range of potential future climates for British Columbia and explicitly addresses both emissions and global climate model uncertainty in the final hydrologic projections. Snow water equivalent is projected to decline throughout the Peace and Campbell and at low elevations within the Columbia. At high elevations within the Columbia, snow water equivalent is projected to increase with increased winter precipitation. Streamflow projections indicate timing shifts in all three watersheds, predominantly because of changes in the dynamics of snow accumulation and melt. The coastal hybrid site shows the largest sensitivity, shifting to more rainfall-dominated system by mid-century. The two interior sites are projected to retain the characteristics of a nival regime by mid-century, although streamflow-timing shifts result from increased mid-winter rainfall and snowmelt, and earlier freshet onset.
Impacts of mean annual air temperature change on a regional permafrost probability model for the southern Yukon and northern British Columbia, Canada	University of Ottawa	applied research	permafrost	Bonnaventure, PP and Lewkowicz, AG. 2013. Impacts of mean annual air temperature change on a regional permafrost probability model for the southern Yukon and northern British Columbia, Canada. The Cryosphere 7:935-946.	Air temperature changes were applied to a regional model of permafrost probability under equilibrium conditions for an area of nearly 0.5 × 106 km2 in the southern Yukon and northwestern British Columbia, Canada. Associated environmental changes, including snow cover and vegetation, were not considered in the modelling. Permafrost extent increases from 58% of the area (present day: 1971-2000) to 76% under a -1 K cooling scenario, whereas warming scenarios decrease the percentage of permafrost area exponentially to 38% (+ 1 K), 24% (+ 2 K), 17% (+ 3 K), 12% (+ 4 K) and 9% (+ 5 K) of the area.
Incorporating hydrologic dynamics into buffer strip design on the sub-humid boreal plain of Alberta	University of Western Ontario	applied research	boreal hydrology	Creed, I et al. 2008. Incorporating hydrologic dynamics into buffer strip design on the sub-humid boreal plain of Alberta. Forest Ecology and Management 256:1984-1994.	The status quo in forestry practice is to leave standard width buffers around water bodies in order to prevent the excess transport of sediments and nutrients from terrestrial to aquatic systems. This practice does not seem to be effective in the sub-humid boreal forest where climatic and physiographic variability produces complex hydrologic pathways not well protected by standard width buffers. We developed a remote sensing technique that forms a hydrologic basis for buffer strip design. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery was used to map, both inundated and saturated areas (herein called wet areas) amenable for surface transport of nutrients and sediments on a low relief landscape in northern Alberta, Canada. Wet areas coverage of the Moose Lake drainage basin showed a semi-logarithmic relationship with daily discharge (r2 = 0.72, p < 0.001,n = 18). This relationship was used to deﬁne a ﬂow–duration curve for wet areas that could be used as an aspatial assessment of what proportion of a drainage basin should be protected. A probability map of wet areas formation was calculated from the database of 18 images. We demonstrated how the probability map may be used to design adaptive buffer strips for the mitigation of increased nutrient loading to boreal lakes following timber harvesting.
Influence of surface type, topography, and continentality on permafrost distribution in British Columbia	FLNRO	applied Research	permafrost	Hasler A, Geertsema M, and others, in prep. Influence of surface type, topography, and continentality on permafrost distribution in British Columbia.
Interactions of groundwater and shallow lakes on outwash sediments in the sub-humid Boreal Plains of Canada	HEAD Project	applied Research	groundwater-surface water interactions	Smerdon, BD et al. 2005. Interactions of groundwater and shallow lakes on outwash sediments in the sub-humid Boreal Plains of Canada. Journal of Hydrology, 314: 242-262	The hydrologic controls on the interaction between a shallow lake and a groundwater flow system have been determined for a coarse-textured landscape on the Boreal Plains of Canada. Lake groundwater interactions were studied to provide an understanding of the near-surface hydrologic processes in a sub-humid climate, where annual precipitation is equal to, or less than potential evapotranspiration. This study was initiated to assess potential landscape impact from forestry and energy industrial activity, and future scenarios of climate change expected in the Western Boreal Forest. A 39 ha lake on outwash sediments was studied for two consecutive years. Hydrometric measurements and stable isotopic analyses indicated that evaporation was the dominant hydrologic flux during ice-free months, and was primarily responsible for a 0.2 m decline in lake level during this study. A combination of summer rain and consistent supply of groundwater discharge throughout each year were the dominant sources of water. The near equivalence of precipitation and evaporation, and relative dominance of each of these processes during the hydrologic year, resulted in the formation of a water table mound downgradient of the lake, and its disappearance each year. The presence of these humid (mound) and arid (complete disappearance) phenomena at one location within the same year, reveal the sensitivity of hydrologic systems in this sub-humid region to small variations in climate. The onset and duration of evaporation from the lake surface was a major controlling factor on groundwater exchange, to such a degree that the shallow lakes are thought to be evaporation windows in this landscape, creating sub-surface capture zones that depend on lake size and landscape position. These findings indicate a very dynamic relationship between atmospheric water fluxes and groundwater interaction, which could potentially conceal anthropogenic impacts within natural variability.
Interior Watershed Assessment Procedure Guidebook	Ministry of Forest, Lands and Natural Resource Operations	Monitoring	protocols & procedures	Interior Watershed Assessment Procedure Guidebook	Assessment procedures to help forest managers understand the type and extent of current water-related problems that exist in a watershed and to recognize the possible hydrologic implications of proposed forestry-related development in that watershed
Inventory and research survey summary: Needs and priorities of watershed-based groups in British Columbia	POLIS Project on Ecological Governance	Applied Research	water governance	Wilkes et al. 2013. Inventory and research survey summary: Needs and priorities of watershed-based groups in British Columbia.	This survey project builds on this existing research. It seeks to inventory and identify many of those groups that are currently working at a watershed scale within British Columbia, and it begins to determine the role these groups can play in more formalized decision-making going forward.
Inventory of bedrock geology maps, by author, in the NE	GSC; British Columbia Geological Survey	inventory	geology	Inventory of bedrock geology maps, by author, in the NE: at 1:250 000 scale (Irish, 1958; Stott and Taylor, 1968a, b; Taylor, 1972; Thompson, 1975a–c; Stott and Taylor, 1979; Taylor, 1979; Stott et al., 1983; McMechan, 1994; Taylor and Stott, 1999) and other regional scales (Cecile et al., 2000; McMechan, 2000; Okulitch et al., 2002).	The distribution of major geological units in the shallow subsurface can be predicted using bedrock geology maps.
Inventory of stratigraphy maps, by author, in the NE	GSC; British Columbia Geological Survey	inventory	geology	Fanti and Catuneanu [2010] for the Wapiti Formation, Hay and Plint [2009] for the Dunvegan Formation	These studies can be valuable exploration tools as they provide descriptions of mappable markers in outcrop and in subsurface gamma-ray logs. Which will support groundwater investigations of shalllow bedrock aquuifers and aquitards.
Investigation of land-use change and groundwater-surface water interaction in the Kiskatinaw River Watershed, Northeastern British Columbia (Parts on NTS 093P/01,/02,/07-/10)	Geoscience BC	Applied Research	groundwater - surface water interaction	Saha, GC et al. 2012. Investigation of land-use change and groundwater-surface water interactions in the Kiskatinaw River watershed, northeastern British Columbia (Parts of NTS 093P/01,/02,/07-/10). Geoscience BC Summary of Activities 2012: 139-148.	Since very few studies have been conducted within the KRWto investigate land-use change and groundwater–surface water interaction, the objective of this study is to fill that gap. Land-use change within the KRW from 1984 to 2010 was captured using a remote-sensing technique, and the PART program was applied to separate groundwater contribution from stream-flow records within the basin. The groundwater contribution to stream flow was quantified on a monthly time scale for a five-year period from 2007 to 2011. The gridded surface-subsurface hydrological analysis (GSSHA; Downer, 2002) was also used to determine groundwater-flow direction in the KRW.
Jones (1966), Barnes (1977), Hitchon (1990) and Bachu et al. (1993) conducted hydrogeological studies in correlative strata in the Peace River valley in adjacent Alberta.		applied research		Jones (1966), Barnes (1977), Hitchon (1990) and Bachu et al. (1993) conducted hydrogeological studies in correlative strata in the Peace River valley in adjacent Alberta.	Hydrogeological studies conducted in correlative strata in the Peace River valley in adjacent Alberta.
Kamloops Forest Hydrology Abstracts Library	BC MFLNRO	Information management	forest hydrology	Kamloops Forest Hydrology Abstracts Library	The Forest Hydrology Abstracts Library is a searchable database of references for approximately 2500 papers published prior to the year 2000. The papers in this collection cover a wide range of topics relevant to forest hydrology, such as streamflow, water quality, snow accumulation and melt, the energy balance, evapotranspiration, interception, soil moisture, fish habitat, climate change, and general watershed management. Many of the papers included here are conference presentations, technical reports, or government reports that are difficult to find or are unavailable on-line and through libraries. The Abstracts Library is intended to help retain and provide an easily searchable archive of pre-internet references that form the foundation of modern forest watershed management and research.
Kiskatinaw Collaborative-Watershed Project	City of Dawson Creek	Public Reporting	regional watershed initiative	Kaskatinaw Collaborative-Watershed Project	To promote integrated watershed planning & stewardship
Kiskatinaw River surface water monitoring network: A summary of methodology and rating curve development	UNBC and Geoscience BC	applied Research	hydrology	Hirshfield, F. 2013. Kiskatinaw River surface water monitoring network: A summary of methodology and rating curve development. Geoscience BC Report 2013-19.	This report is serves to provide background information for the report titled “Kiskatinaw River Watershed Monitoring Network – Research Outcomes of hydrologic modeling for West Headwater sub-basin, 2011 and East Confluence sub-basin 2012”, specifically: (a) provide methodology followed in designing, installing and maintaining the surface water monitoring network and (b) outline the process for data analysis and rating curve development. Further details, maps and history can be found in June & December 2011 progress reports.
Kiskatinaw River Watershed Management Plan	City of Dawson Creek & Fisheries Renewal BC	Water Management Programs and Tools	watershed mgmt	Dobson Engineering and Urban Systems Ltd. 2003. Kiskatinaw River Watershed Management Plan. 110.	"The Kiskatinaw River Watershed Management Plan (Plan) is an update to the Kiskatinaw River Integrated Watershed Management Plan completed in 1991, and complements the Dawson Creek Land and Resource Management Plan (LRMP) completed in 1999 [Appendix IV]. The goal of the Plan is to establish objectives and policies for protection of the water resource. The focus of the policies and objectives will be to minimize the impact of existing and future activities within the watershed on water quality. Consideration has been given to all resource activities that have an interest in the watershed. Due to the time at which funding became available to prepare this plan, and the limited funds, it was not possible to include a field component. The plan remains a “work in progress” where the results of future field assessments will be included as they are completed."
Kiskatinaw River Watershed Source Protection Plan.	City of Dawson Creek	Water Management Programs and Tools	watershed mgmt	Dobson Engineering. 2007. Kiskatinaw River Watershed Source Protection Plan. 63 p.	"In 2003 the Drinking Water Protection Act came into force in BC based on the “multi-barrier” concept. In 2003 the Drinking Water Potection Legislation also was released. In March 2005 the Ministry of Health Services and the Ministry of Water, Land and Air Protection released the draft Comprehensive Drinking Water Source to Tap Assessment Guideline. The objective of the assessment procedure was “to identify hazards and vulnerabilities that may threaten the safety and sustainability of the water supply and recommend risk management actions to address them”. The first barrier in the multi-barrier approach is the source area source protection. The Kiskatinaw River watershed is the source of water for the City of Dawson Creek (City). This is a summary of the proposed source protection plan for the watershed. This plan builds on previous work carried out in the watershed including the Kiskatinaw River Integrated Watershed Mangement Plan (1991), the Kiskatinaw River Watershed Management Plan (2003), the Dawson Creek Land and Resource Management Plan (1999) and the Kiskatinaw River Watershed Assessment (2004)."
Kiskatinaw Watershed Study - Review of UNBC Research Projects	City of Dawson Creek	applied Research	hydrology	GW Solutions. 2014. Kiskatinaw Watershed Study - Review of UNBC Research Projects. Completed for City of Dawson Creek.	GW Solutions understands that the overall objectives of the work and research completed in collaboration with UNBC were: • To generate maps and tools to visualize the use of the land, and the movement of water in the Kiskatinaw watershed because it is presently the source of water used by the City of Dawson Creek. • To characterize and understand the seasonal fluctuation of the water regime, particularly during periods of low flows (to prevent lacking water supply), and during period of high flows (to minimize the risks of flood and to be better prepared to anticipate floods). • To develop methodologies to relate how the water regime can be modified by the land use, particularly modifications associated with the anticipated growth of oil & gas activities. • To develop methodologies to relate how the water quality can be modified by the land use, particularly modifications associated with the anticipated growth of oil & gas activities. • To develop models to project mid-term and long-term effects of climate change on the water regime.
Land and Resources Data Warehouse	Integrated Land Management Bureau	Information Management	database	Land and Resources Data Warehouse	corporate repository for integrated land, resource and geographic data that supports a variety of business requirements for the natural resource sector
Land Remediation (Contaminated Sites)	Ministry of Environment	Monitoring	regulatory & compliance	Land Remediation (Contaminated Sites)	Investigation and remediation of contaminated sites under the Environmental Management Act
Landscape control of water chemistry in northern boreal streams of Alberta		applied Research	boreal hydrology	McEachern, P et al. 2006. Landscape control on water chemistry in northern boreal streams of Alberta. Journal of Hydrology 323:303-324	End-member mixing analysis (EMMA) and isotopes of water (deuterium and oxygen-18) are used to describe hydrologic processes for six boreal forest catchments in the discontinuous permafrost of northern Alberta. The data presented in this paper represent pre-disturbance conditions during two average precipitation years for small basins where the impacts of clear cut harvesting will be evaluated in future work. Hydrologic patterns and soil water sources were different between the two streams draining sloped catchments and the four streams draining flat lowlands. In sloped catchments, snowmelt discharged rapidly prior to loss of soil frost. Snowmelt discharge initially contained between 70 and 90% water from mineral soils and peatlands. As melt progressed, soil water was replaced by surface or near-surface runoff comprising 50–80% of stream discharge. Surface storage of snowmelt in sloped catchments was minimal and summer stream discharge was dominated by rainfall routed through organic and mineral soils (34 and 46%, respectively). Surface runoff averaged 20% of total discharge throughout the summer but rose to 60% of discharge following large storms. In contrast, snowmelt was stored in lowland catchments; peak snowmelt discharge was 30–66% of summer peak discharge and was an equal mix of older groundwater and snowmelt. In lowland catchments, watertables and stream flow declined through the summer and summer discharge was increasingly dominated (>50%) by groundwater routed through organic soils.
Landscape controls on phosphorus loading to boreal lakes: implications for the potential impacts of forest harvesting	TROLS Project	applied Research	boreal hydrology	Devito, KJ et al. 2000. Landscape controls on phosphorus loading to boreal lakes: implications for the potential impacts of forest harvesting. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 2000, 57(10): 1977-1984, 10.1139/f00-148	For 12 low-order lakes in the Western Boreal Forest of Canada, lake position in the groundwater flow system and surface hydrologic connection to wetlands accounted for 57% of the variation in the change in postharvest (1997) relative to preharvest (1996) open-water median total phosphorous concentration ([TP]). Changes in [TP] decreased with calcium and magnesium concentrations, indicating that the largest increases in [TP] are likely to occur in lakes located in areas of groundwater recharge or shallow local discharge. Changes in [TP] increased with the area of wetland connected to the lake, a measure of near-surface hydrologic flushing of TP to the lake. However, the remaining variation (43%) in the TP response of lakes to harvest was not explained by landscape-based criteria. This study illustrates that in landscapes with complex hydrogeology, factors controlling the chemical responses of lakes to disturbance are complex, remain poorly understood, and require further study.
Landslides in the isolated patches permafrost zone, northeastern British Columbia (NTS mapsheet 94G east half)	FLNRO	applied Research	landslides	Geertsema M. Foord VN 2014. Landslides in the isolated patches permafrost zone, northeastern British Columbia (NTS mapsheet 94G east half). 3rd World Landslide Forum, Beijing, China
Land use change and hydrologic modeling in the Kiskatinaw Watershed	UNBC and Geoscience BC	applied Research	hydrology	UNBC. 2013. Executive Summary: Land use change and hydrologic modelling in the Kiskatinaw Watershed. Summary of work completed by UNBC in fulfilment of research contract RC10-2157. Geoscience BC Report 2013-19.	Report summarizes research on: GW-SW interactions, land cover analysis, surface water monitoring network, hydrologic modelling and surface water hydrology
Lateral flow thresholds for aspen forested hillslopes on the Western Boreal Plain, Alberta, Canada	University of Alberta	applied Research	boreal hydrology	Redding, TE and Devito, KL. 2008. Lateral flow thresholds for aspen forested hillslopes on the Western Boreal Plain, Alberta, Canada. Hydrological Processes 22: 4287-4300	To predict the long-term sustainability of water resources on the Boreal Plain region of northern Alberta, it is critical to understand when hillslopes generate runoff and connect with surface waters. The sub-humid climate (P ≤ ET) and deep glacial sediments of this region result in large available soil storage capacity relative to moisture surpluses or deficits, leading to threshold-dependent rainfall-runoff relationships. Rainfall simulation experiments were conducted using large magnitude and high intensity applications to examine the thresholds in precipitation and soil moisture that are necessary to generate lateral flow from hillslope runoff plots representative of Luvisolic soils and an aspen canopy. Two adjacent plots (areas of 2·95 and 3·4 m2) of contrasting antecedent moisture conditions were examined; one had tree root uptake excluded for two months to increase soil moisture content, while the second plot allowed tree uptake over the growing season resulting in drier soils. Vertical flow as drainage and soil moisture storage dominated the water balances of both plots. Greater lateral flow occurred from the plot with higher antecedent moisture content. Results indicate that a minimum of 15–20 mm of rainfall is required to generate lateral flow, and only after the soils have been wetted to a depth of 0·75 m (C-horizon). The depth and intensity of rainfall events that generated runoff > 1 mm have return periods of 25 years or greater and, when combined with the need for wet antecendent conditions, indicate that lateral flow generation on these hillslopes will occur infrequently.
Licenced Springs	Ministry of Forest, Lands and Natural Resource Operations	Inventory	water allocation	Licenced Springs	Province-wide map (SDE spatial layer) displaying water points of diversion on licenced springs, joined with licence information.
Life history characteristics of freshwater fishes occurring in British Columbia and the Yuko, with major emphasis on stream habitat characteristics	Fisheries and Oceans Canada	applied research	fish habitat	Roberge, M et al. 2002. Life history characteristics of freshwater fishes occurring in British Columbia and the Yuko, with major emphasis on stream habitat characteristics. Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada. Canadian Manuscript Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2611.	Associations between stream characteristics and different life history stages of fish were summarized for the 86 species and 13 additional subspecies and forms of freshwater fish that exist in British Columbia and the Yukon.
Limnological aspects of Charlie Lake (Peace River Drainage, British Columbia): A summary of data collected between 1974 and 1995	BC Ministry of Environment	monitoring	water quality	French, TD and Carmichael, NB. 1999. Limnological aspects of Charlie Lake (Peace River Drainage, British Columbia): A summary of data collected between 1974 and 1995. BC Ministry of Environment. 138 p.	Summary of long-term water quality data for Charlie Lake and watershed.
Living Water Smart Program	Ministry of Environment	Water Stewardship Plans	planning	Living Water Smart Program	Coordinate the implementation of BC's water plan
Long term aquatic monitoring protocols for new and upgraded hydroelectric projects	Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat	Monitoring	monitoring	Lewis, FJ et al. 2012. Long term Aquatic Monitoring Protocols for New and Upgraded Hydroelectric Projects. Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat. Research Document 2012/166.	The Long-term Aquatic Monitoring Protocols for New and Upgraded Hydroelectric Projects identify suitable methods to evaluate the effectiveness of mitigation and compensation activities undertaken during the development and operation of a project, and to evaluate the project‟s effects on fish and fish habitat. Furthermore, this document is intended to promote standardized monitoring methodologies that will create consistency in the regulatory requirements of project proponents and allow for the comparison of data across multiple projects in order to evaluate environmental effects and generalize results across projects. Given the need for consistent monitoring over time, the document also details the requirements for baseline monitoring, which are necessary in order to complete an environmental impact assessment (EIA) to meet legislative and regulatory requirements under the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act and Fisheries Act. The geographic focus of this document is British Columbia and the Yukon Territory, although it may apply elsewhere in Canada.
Lowen, D. (2004): Aquifer classification mapping in the Peace River region—final report; British Columbia Ministry of Water, Land and Air Protection, 30 pages.	Consultant engaged by MoE	Inventory		Dennis Lowen	Aquifer classification mapping in the Peace River region
Lowen, D. (2011): Aquifer classification mapping in the Peace River region for the Montney Water Project; Geoscience BC, 12 pages,	Consultant engaged by MoE	Inventory		Dennis Lowen	Aquifer classification mapping in the Peace River region
Low flow analysis: Peace-Liard watersheds Progress Report #1	Science and Community Environmental Knowledge Fund (SCEK)	Applied Research	hydrology	Diversified Technical Services. 2003. Low flow analysis Peace-Liard Watersheds, Progress report #1. 19 p.	"This report analyses the low flow for 5 watersheds in the Peace – Liard area of British Columbia, Tsea, Beatton headwaters, Redwillow River, Kahntah River and the Sahntenah River. The results of this initial phase will form the basis of an in-depth review of activities and water short areas. "
M17A Creek Water Quality Predictions	Lorax Environmental	applied Research	water quality	Lorax Environmental. 2013. M17A Creek Water Quality Predictions. Completed for Teck Coal Ltd	M17A Creek is a tributary of the Murray River. Within the M17A catchment is legacy infrastructure from the Quintette Coal Mine, including the Plant Site Tailings Management Facility, the Plant Site Sedimentation Pond B, and coarse coal refuse. Baseline water quality monitoring of M17A Creek reveals that contact water from legacy infrastructure has increased levels of sulphate and selenium in this stream. Baseline sulphate levels in M17A Creek are above typical background levels for streams in the region, and have occasionally exceeded BC water quality guidelines during summer low flows. Baseline M17A selenium levels range from less than its analytical detection limit to approximately twice the BC water quality guideline of 0.002 mg/L. Baseline monitoring has also shown that total suspended solids levels at the mouth of M17A have also been elevated, particularly during spring freshet. Total metals associated with suspended solids (aluminum, cadmium, chromium, and iron) have also occasionally exceeded BC water guidelines when suspended solids levels are high. The source of total suspended solids to M17A Creek has not been identified. Water quality monitoring data indicates neither the Plant Site Sedimentation Pond B nor the tailings management facility is the primary source of high suspended solids.
Mackenzie River Basin - State of the Aquatic Ecosystem Report 2003	Mackenzie River Basin Board	Public Reporting	reporting	Mackenzie River Basin Board. 2003. Mackenzie River Basin: State of the Aquatic Ecosystem Report 2003.	The members of the Mackenzie River Basin Board (MRBB) are pleased to present, in accordance with Section 2.0 of the Mackenzie River Basin Transboundary Waters Master Agreement, the first Mackenzie River Basin State of the Aquatic Ecosystem Report 2003 (SOAER). This comprehensive report will: • provide Ministers with an understanding of the current state of the aquatic ecosystem of one of the largest river basins in the world; • inform basin residents and decision-makers about the ecological integrity of the entire Mackenzie River watershed; • identify gaps and inconsistencies in knowledge and monitoring practices and point towards possible improvements; and • highlight the value of Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) as an integral component in ecological assessment. As a multi-jurisdictional Board, the MRBB is very pleased with the way individuals from several agencies came together to collaborate on this report, drawing from existing research and TEK reports. These efforts have resulted in a document that is relevant and useful for decision-makers, residents and others with an interest in the Mackenzie River Basin. A major finding of the report is that the aquatic ecosystem in the Mackenzie River Basin is generally healthy. Nevertheless, the report raises concerns about a number of information gaps, environmental trends, and monitoring and management practices. After reflecting on these findings, the MRBB felt it worthwhile to provide comments on these findings.
MANAGING PEAT RELATED PROBLEMS ON LOW VOLUME ROADS	ROADEX	water management Programs and Tools	wetland	Munro, R and MacCulluck, F. 2006. Managing peat related problems on low volume roads, Executive Summary. ROADEX.	The report that follows is an executive summary of the two ROADEX II reports “Dealing with bearing capacity problems on low volume roads constructed on peat” (Munro 2005) and “Guidelines for the risk management of peat slips on the construction of low volume/low cost roads over peat” (MacCulloch, 2006), both of which are available on the ROADEX website.
Mapping groundwater recharge and discharge zones at the watershed scale using publicly available hydrogeological and remote sensing datasets	University of Western Ontario	applied research	boreal hydrology	Sass GZ, Creed IF, Riddell J, Bayley S. In Press. Mapping groundwater recharge and discharge zones at the watershed scale using publicly available hydrogeological and remote sensing datasets. Hydrological Processes. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hyp.10068/abstract	Mapping groundwater discharge zones at broad spatial scales remains a challenge, particularly in data sparse regions. We applied a regional scale mapping approach based on thermal remote sensing to map discharge zones in a complex watershed with a broad diversity of geological materials, land cover and topographic variation situated within the Prairie Parkland of northern Alberta, Canada. We acquired winter thermal imagery from the USGS Landsat archive to demonstrate the utility of this data source for applications that can complement both scientific and management programs. We showed that the thermally determined potential discharge areas were corroborated with hydrological (spring locations) and chemical (conservative tracers of groundwater) data. This study demonstrates how thermal remote sensing can form part of a comprehensive mapping framework to investigate groundwater resources over broad spatial scales. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mapping hydrologically sensitive areas on the Boreal Plain: a multitemporal analysis of ERS synthetic aperture radar data	University of Western Ontario	applied research	boreal hydrology	Clark RB, Sass GZ, Creed IF. 2009. Mapping hydrologically sensitive areas on the Boreal Plain: a multitemporal analysis of ERS synthetic aperture radar data. International Journal of Remote Sensing 30: 2619-2635.	Characterizing the spatial and temporal dynamics of hydrologically sensitive areas (HSAs) is vital to the effective management of the boreal forest. HSAs are defined as saturated or inundated areas that, if disturbed, might result in a significant change in the movement of water, nutrients and biota within landscapes. This study presents a remote sensing technique that uses archived European Remote Sensing Satellite (ERS)-1 and ERS-2 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images to monitor HSAs in the Willow River watershed (1030 km2 ) on the western Boreal Plain of Canada. ERS images were used to generate a probability of HSA occurrence map for a 10-year period (1991–2000). This map revealed the complexity of HSAs on the western Boreal Plain, where some areas remained consistently dry or wet whereas others were dynamic, transitioning from dry to wet and vice versa. A probability map of HSA occurrence provides spatial and temporal information previously unavailable for this region that may expand our understanding of the hydrological behaviour of drainage basins and serve as a planning tool for land management decisions.
Mapping the Geometry and Lithostratigraphy of a Paleovalley with a Time-domain Electromagnetic Technique in an Area with Small Resistivity Contrasts, Groundbirch, British Columbia, Canada	School of Earth and Ocean Science, University of Victoria; Bemex Consulting International; British Columbia Geological Survey	applied research	geology and groundwater	Melvyn E. Best; School of Earth and Ocean Science, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, Canada, V8P 5C2 and Bemex Consulting International, 3701 Wild Berry Bend, Victoria, BC, Canada, V9C 4M7' Adrian S. Hickin,British Columbia Geological Survey, 1810 Blanshard Street, Victoria, BC, Canada, V8W 9N3 Email: [email protected]	To evaluate the effectiveness of large loop, ground-based, time-domain electromagnetic surveys for modeling of paleovalley geometry and valley fills as a basis for determining groundwater potential.
Mechanisms and pathways of lateral flow on aspen-forested, luvisolic soils, Western Boreal Plain, Alberta, Canada	University of Alberta	applied Research	boreal hydrology	Redding, TE and Devito, KL. 2010. Mechanisms and pathways of lateral flow on aspen-forested, luvisolic soils, Western Boreal Plain, Alberta, Canada. Hydrological Processes 24: 2995-3010.	Rainfall simulation experiments by Redding and Devito (2008, Hydrological Processes 23: 4287–4300) on two adjacent plots of contrasting antecedent soil moisture storage on an aspen-forested hillslope on the Boreal Plain showed that lateral flow generation occurred only once large soil storage capacity was saturated combined with a minimum event precipitation of 15–20 mm. This paper extends the results of Redding and Devito (2008, Hydrological Processes 23: 4287–4300) with detailed analysis of pore pressure, soil moisture and tracer data from the rainfall simulation experiments, which is used to identify lateral flow generation mechanisms and flow pathways. Lateral flow was not generated until soils were wet into the fine textured C horizon. Lateral flow occurred dominantly through the clay-rich Bt horizon by way of root channels. Lateral flow during the largest event was dominated by event water, and precipitation intensity was critical in lateral flow generation. Lateral flow was initiated as preferential flow near the soil surface into root channels, followed by development of a perched water table at depth, which also interacted with preferential flow pathways to move water laterally by the transmissivity feedback mechanism. The results indicate that lateral flow generated by rainfall on these hillslopes is uncommon because of the generally high available soil moisture storage capacity and the low probability of rainfall events of sufficient magnitude and intensity.
Ministry Library	BC Ministries of Environment, Agriculture and Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations	Information Management	reports catalogue	Ministry Library	A library supporting natural resource Ministries of BC
Moberly River Watershed	Geoscience BC	applied research	water balance	Geoscience BC. 2011. Moberly River Watershed.	overview of water balance and water research activities in Moberly River watershed
Modification of SWAT for modelling streamflow from forested watersheds on the Canadian Boreal Plain	FORWARD Project	applied Research	boreal hydrology	Watson, BM et al. 2009. Modification of SWAT for modelling streamflow from forested watersheds on the Canadian Boreal Plain. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science, 7(S1): 145-159, 10.1139/S09-003	Several modifications were made to the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to better represent processes occurring within forested watersheds on the Boreal Plain in Canada. The modified model, called SWATBF, was applied to the Willow Creek watershed (15.1 km2) in north central Alberta. The performance of the model for the calibration period (2001–2003) was good with coefficients of efficiency of 0.89 and 0.81 being achieved for the prediction of monthly and daily runoff, respectively. However, it was found that SWATBF did not perform as well for the validation period (2004–2006) with the monthly and daily coefficients of efficiency being 0.44 and 0.27, respectively. Potential sources of error to explain the decline in model performance for the validation period are discussed. SWATBF has the potential to be used as a tool by forest managers for predicting the effects of land use change on the Boreal Plain provided that it can be satisfactorily validated. Keywords: SWAT, boreal forest, hydrological model, forest disturbance, streamflow
Monitoring the effects of forest practices on soil productivity and hydrologic function	FLNRO	applied Research	soil erosion	Bulmer, C et al. 2008. Monitoring the effects of forest practices on soil productivity and hydrologic function. BC Journal of Ecosystems and Management. 9(2): 48-59	In British Columbia and elsewhere, governments are evaluating the sustainability of forest practices. This requires the development of sensitive and reliable indicators and their monitoring over time. Conserving soil productivity and hydrologic function is a key aspect of forest ecosystem sustainability. British Columbia’s Forest and Range Evaluation Program (frep) has recently developed a protocol describing indicators and methods for collecting the data necessary to evaluate forest practices. We present five indicators for describing the status of soils on recently harvested areas in British Columbia, along with a brief scientific rationale for including them in the evaluation system, and a description of their intended use for monitoring sustainability. For three of the indicators, we also provide preliminary thresholds to help in determining whether current forest practices are consistent with the maintenance of soil productivity and hydrologic function.
Monitoring under the Environmental Management Act	Ministry of Environment	Monitoring	regulatory & compliance	Monitoring under the Environmental Management Act	Monitoring by staff or permit holders under the Environmental Management Act
Montney Water Project	GeoScience BC	Inventory	water resource	Montney Water Project	The project is designed to provide a comprehensive inventory of water sources and potential for deep geological disposal sites in the Montney Gas Play area, by creating a comprehensive database of surface water, ground water and deep saline aquifers in the Montney area.
Montney Water Project - Hydrogeologic Review	GW Solutions	applied Research	groundwater	GW Solutions. 2012. Montney Water Project - Hydrogeologic Review. Completed for City of Dawson Creek.	The objectives of this project were the following: 1. Review hydrogeological information resulting from completion of Phase 1 of the Montney Water Project (MWP) and other related hydrological studies completed by the CoDC or other agencies for watershed characterization and protection. 2. Develop hydrogeological figures and drawings (e.g., three-dimensional cross sections) illustrating what is presently known about both the surface and groundwater and their interaction. This was to be completed focusing on key sub-basins in the Upper Kiskatinaw watershed considered by the CoDC to be of significance from many years of observation (as evidenced by headwall springs, observed artesian conditions, etc.). 3. Identify potential recharge areas and mechanisms, e.g., the upper elevations of Oetata and Halfmoon, and Jackpine sub-basin; and at least one other major aquifer zone requiring further study within the East Kiskatinaw sub-basin based on several completed source wells that have been approved by the OGC since 2007. 4. Recommend a groundwater monitoring plan (locations, parameters and schedule), taking into account potential risks of surface and groundwater contamination. 5. Provide recommended Terms of Reference for future aquifer mapping and monitoring studies.
Mountain Pine Beetles, Salvage Logging, and Hydrologic Change: Predicting Wet Ground Areas	FLNRO	applied Research	boreal hydrology	Rex, J.; Dubé, S.; Foord, V. Mountain Pine Beetles, Salvage Logging, and Hydrologic Change: Predicting Wet Ground Areas. Water 2013, 5, 443-461.	The mountain pine beetle epidemic in British Columbia has covered 18.1 million hectares of forest land showing the potential for exceptionally large-scale disturbance to influence watershed hydrology. Pine stands killed by the epidemic can experience reduced levels of evapotranspiration and precipitation interception, which can translate into an increase in soil moisture as observed by some forest practitioners during salvage logging in the epicenter of the outbreak. They reported the replacement of summer ground, dry firm soil areas, with winter ground areas identified by having wetter, less firm soils upon which forestry equipment operation is difficult or impossible before winter freeze-up. To decrease the likelihood of soil disturbance from harvesting, a set of hazard indicators was developed to predict wet ground areas in areas heavily infested by the mountain pine beetle. Hazard indicators were based on available GIS data, aerial photographs, and local knowledge. Indicators were selected by an iterative process that began with office-based selection of potential indicators, model development and prediction, field verification, and model refinement to select those indicators that explained most field data variability. Findings indicate that the most effective indicators were lodgepole pine content, understory, drainage density, soil texture, and the topographic index.
Multi-decadal degradation and persistence of permafrost in the Alasak Highway corridor, northwest Canada		applied Research	permafrost	James, M et al. 2013. Multi-decadal degradation and persistence of permafrost in the Alaska Highway corridor, northwest Canada. Environmental Research Letters 8.doi:10.1088/1748-9326/8/4/045013	Changes in permafrost distribution in the southern discontinuous zone were evaluated by repeating a 1964 survey through part of the Alaska Highway corridor (56° N–61° N) in northwest Canada. A total of 55 sites from the original survey in northern British Columbia and southern Yukon were located using archival maps and photographs. Probing for frozen ground, manual excavations, air and ground temperature monitoring, borehole drilling and geophysical techniques were used to gather information on present-day permafrost and climatic conditions. Mean annual air temperatures have increased by 1.5–2.0 ° C since the mid-1970s and significant degradation of permafrost has occurred. Almost half of the permafrost sites along the entire transect which exhibited permafrost in 1964 do so no longer. This change is especially evident in the south where two-thirds of the formerly permafrost sites have thawed and the limit of permafrost appears to have shifted northward. The permafrost that persists is patchy, generally less than 15 m thick, has mean annual surface temperatures >0 ° C, mean ground temperatures between −0.5 and 0 ° C, is in peat or beneath a thick organic mat, and appears to have a thicker active layer than in 1964. Its persistence may relate to the latent heat requirements of thawing permafrost or to the large thermal offset of organic soils. The study demonstrates that degradation of permafrost has occurred in the margins of its distribution in the last few decades, a trend that is expected to continue as the climate warms.
Municipal Water and Wastewater Survey	Environment Canada	Applied Research	water use	Municipal Water and Wastewater Survey	A voluntary survey sent to water providers for communities with over 1,000 individuals. Environment Canada has ended this program and the last survey was conducted in 2009.
Muskwa-Kechika Management Area: Monitoring and Restoration for Industrial Developments	Muskwa-Kechika Advisory Board	water management Programs and Tools		Russell, D. 2011. Muskwa-Kechika Management Area: Monitoring and Restoration for Industrial Developments. Muskwa-Kechika Advisory Board	The objectives identified for this report, 1. Development of a scientific monitoring methodology that clearly links the strategic direction with operational activities and criteria identified in Pre-Tenure Plans (PTP).2. Develop a process to determine when a project disturbance is considered returned to a natural state as indicated in the PTP’s. 3. Develop templates for reporting out strategic and operational level monitoring of activities in the M-KMA. 4. Provide a set of indicators that will measure the values addressed in the Muskwa-Kechika Advisory Board(M-KAB) wilderness definition.
Muskwa-Kechika Management Area - Resource Library	Muskwa-Kechika Management Area	inventory	fisheries	Muskwa-Kechika Management Area	library/list of fish and wildlife research in the Muskwa-Kechika Management Area
National Hydro Network (NHN)	GeoBase	Inventory	water resource	National Hydro Network (NHN)	To provide hydrometric GIS data in a nationally consistent format
National Research Council: Green Kenue for hydrologic modelling	National Research Council	Applied Research	surface water	National Research Council: Green Kenue for hydrologic modelling	An advanced data preparation, analysis, and visualization tool for hydrologic modellers.
National Soil Database (NSDB)	Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada	inventory	soil	The National Soil Database	The NSDB is the set of computer readable files which contain soil, landscape, and climatic data for all of Canada. It serves as the national archive for land resources information that was collected by federal and provincial field surveys, or created by land data analysis projects. The NSDB includes GIS coverages at a variety of scales, and the characteristics of each named soil series. The principal types of data holdings (ordered by scale) are as follows: (1) National Ecological Framework; (2) Soil Map of Canada; (3) Agroecological Resource Areas; (4) Soil Landscapes of Canada; (5) Canada Land Inventory; (6) Detailed Soil Surveys; (7) Soil Name and Profile Data
NE BC Source Area Delineation for Groundwater Supply System	Ministry of Environment	Applied Research	groundwater	NE BC Source Area Delineation for Groundwater Supply System	Delineate capture zones for for as many water supply systems as possible in NE BC. Delineated capture zones have legal status under the Oil & Gas activities act to protect them against oil & gas activities occurring to close.
NE Groundwater Research Project (aka NE BC Aquifer Project)	Ministries: Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations; Environment; Energy, Mines and Natural Gas; BC Oil and Gas Commission; GeoScience BC; Simon Fraser University; Geological Survey of Canada	Applied Research	groundwater	NE Groundwater Research Project (aka NE BC Aquifer Project)	Characterize groundwater aquifers and establish a model for aquifer recharge. Initial program focused on the Dawson Creek area.
NEWT 2.0	Oil and Gas Commission, FLNRO, GeoScience BC	Decision Support Tool	interactive map	NEWT 2.0	A GIS-based tool to support water allocation decisions
NH collects monthly Ecoli and total coliform data from regulated water supply systems. Currently, emphasis is on treated water rather than source water. I'm pushing to include more source sampling.	Northern Health	monitoring	health		NH collects monthly Ecoli and total coliform data from regulated water supply systems. Currently, emphasis is on treated water rather than source water. I'm pushing to include more source sampling.
Non-TRIM Hydrography	Ministry of Forest, Lands and Natural Resource Operations	Inventory	water resource	Non-TRIM Hydrography	Province-wide map (SDE spatial layer) showing licensed water sources, under the Water Act, (current and historical), not captured (displayed) on TRIM
Northeast BC Water Studies Poster	Geoscience BC	Applied Research	water resource	Geoscience BC. 2011. Northeast BC Water Studies Poster.
Northern Gateway Technical Data Report – Soils	Enbridge Northern Gateway Project	Inventory	soil	Turchenek, L and Tashe, N. 2010. Technical Data Report: Soils. Enbridge Northern Gateway Project.	The purpose of this technical data report (TDR) is to describe the baseline characteristics of soils assessed for the development of the Enbridge Northern Gateway Project (the Project) as presented in the environmental and socio-economic assessment (ESA) (see Volume 6A). This TDR outlines the methods used to evaluate the baseline conditions, including soil series mapping in agricultural lands in Alberta and the soil modelling approach used for non-agricultural soil and the Agricultural Land Reserve in British Columbia (see Section 2.4.3). The results of the evaluation will be used to predict project effects and assist in identifying measures required to minimize or avoid adverse environmental effects on soil during construction and operations.
Northern Health water quality sampling	Northern Health	monitoring	monitoring	Northern Health Public Health Protection online database	Provides access to data on drinking water quality
Northern Interior Water Use Planning	BC Hydro	Water Stewardship Plans	planning	Northern Interior Water Use Planning	A consultative planning process for BC Hydro's hydroelectric facilities to find a sustainable balance between competing water uses
Northern Waters: A Guide to Designing and Conducting Water Quality Monitoring in Northern Canada	Northern Ecological Monitoring and Assessment Network (EMAN-North)	Monitoring	monitoring	EMAN-North. 2005. Northern Waters: A Guide to Designing and Conducting Water Quality Monitoring in Northern Canada. Northern Ecological Monitoring and Assessment Network (EMAN-North).	The Northern Water Quality Manual is designed to assist with water quality and aquatic system studies in northern Canada. It provides key information that most northern personnel require to answer questions on water quality issues and to design water quality monitoring and assessment projects. The manual: · Provides information on freshwater and marine systems, system processes, and characteristics that must be taken into consideration when designing water quality monitoring programs. · Explains guidelines for water quality. · Identifies key parameters for assessing water quality. · Provides guidelines for designing monitoring programs, including the steps required and factors which should be considered. · Includes information on field sampling techniques, handling of samples, and working with a laboratory. · Supplies guidance for interpreting water quality data and understanding laboratory reports. · Describes statistics for analyzing data and tools to help understand the results, such as graphs and a water quality index. · Describes northern water quality issues including the quality of drinking water, ways to protect drinking water sources, and human activities and natural events that affect northern water quality.
Notes on a June 1969 subsurface investigation of four townships in the Groundbirch area of northeastern BC.	D.M. Callan, Water Investigations Branch , Environment, BC	applied research		Notes on a June 1969 subsurface investigation of four townships in the Groundbirch area of northeastern BC. Includes synopsis, site descriptions and locations, assessment of reliability of data, existing well descriptions and shot hole control point data, local geology and descriptions of sediment stratigraphy, Groundwater Division, 2 pages, NTS Map 093P15	Notes on a June 1969 subsurface investigation of four townships in the Groundbirch area of northeastern BC.
Office study to assess groundwater prospects at Peace River Nursery, October 1982. Includes background, study methods, geologic setting, groundwater conditions, recommendations and cost estimates for test drilling, site map, surficial geology map, representative geologic cross-section, well locations and water levels map, hydrogeologic cross-sections, well log summary, seismic and resistivity costs, Groundwater Section, 13 pages, NTS Map 094A04	Groundwater Section, MoE, Wei, Mike	applied research		Office study to assess groundwater prospects at Peace River Nursery, October 1982.	Study to assess groundwater prospects at Peace River Nursery, October 1982.
OGC Section 8 Point Locations (Public View)	Oil and Gas Commission	Inventory	water allocation	OGC Section 8 Point Locations (Public View)	Location of Section 8, short term water permits issued by the OGC under the Water Act
OGC Water Course Crossings (Public Version)	Oil and Gas Commission	Inventory	infrastructure	OGC Water Course Crossings (Public Version)	Provide information regarding stream crossings in NE BC
OGC Water Permitting Identified Waterbodies	Oil and Gas Commission	Inventory	water allocation	OGC Water Permitting Identified Waterbodies	Inventory of waterbodies requiring enhanced management
Oil and Gas Activities in Northeastern BC: Human Health Risk Assessment	BC Ministry of Health	applied Research	health	Oil and Gas Activities in Northeastern BC: Human Health Risk Assessment	Develop a risk assessment (including water) related to oil and gas activities on human health.
Oil and Gas Well/ Facility Site Erosion Management (Year 1 Summary)	Charlie Lake Conservation Society	Monitoring	soil erosion	Charlie Lake Conservation Society. 2005. Oil and Gas Well/ Facility Site Erosion Management (Year 1 Summary). Science and Community Environmental Knowledge Fund (SCEK). 37 p.	The Charlie Lake Conservation Society (CLCS)1 is a non-profit group of volunteers who are interested in maintaining or enhancing water quality in Charlie Lake. In 2004, CLCS published A Long-Term Strategic Plan for the Improvement of Water Quality in the Charlie Lake Watershed. The strategic plan identified erosion caused by oil and gas activity as one of the land-uses potentially contributing to degradation of water quality. 79 wells and access roads were assessed for erosion problems in June-August 2005. Types of erosion found were rills, gullies and scour from dyke drains and road culverts. Regulations regarding erosion on oil and gas leases are not well defined. Oil and gas companies are willing to mitigate erosion problems, but are having difficulty finding best management methods that work well with local environmental conditions, particularly high clay and silt content of local soils. Various management techniques are available including traditional hard engineering, soil bioengineering and the use of geotextiles and synthetic drainage systems. Partnerships between government agencies, oil and gas producers and landowners are important in solving erosion problems in the watershed. This report summarizes the activities done in the first year of a 2 year project. Primary funding was obtained through the Science and Community Environmental Knowledge (SCEK) fund established by the BC Oil and Gas Commission.
OVERVIEW OF BEST PRACTICES FOR SURFACE EROSION PROTECTION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL FOR THE DEVELOPMENT PHASE OF SURFACE MINING FOR COAL IN NORTHEAST BRITISH COLUMBIA	EDI Environmental Dynamics Inc	Applied research	water quality	Sloat, M and Redden, RJ. No Date. OVERVIEW OF BEST PRACTICES FOR SURFACE EROSION PROTECTION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL FOR THE DEVELOPMENT PHASE OF SURFACE MINING FOR COAL IN NORTHEAST BRITISH COLUMBIA . Unpublished report. 11 pg.	Planning for surface erosion protection and sediment control for the development phase of recently developed surface coal mines in northeast BC has become an important part of the environmental management systems for these projects. Development of a surface mine involves significant land disturbance that typically results in increased rates of erosion and sedimentation. Planning to mitigate this impact must be proactive and integrated. The primary components of proactive planning for surface erosion protection and sediment control are completing assessments of soils and conducting overview hydrology assessments of potential surface and near-surface seepage areas. This information can be used to identify areas of higher risk for erosion and sediment generation and can be used to design a mine development plan that avoids or minimizes development of such areas if possible. Where development is unavoidable, this information can be used to design effective best practices for mitigating potential impacts resulting from a proposed mine development activity. Approaches for planning, developing, and implementing effective best practices for surface erosion protection and sediment control are presented in this paper. Examples of on the ground best practices are also provided.
Overview of the Montney Water Project	Geoscience BC	applied Research	hydrology	Brown, D.A. (2011): Over view of the Montney Wa ter Pro ject: a new Geoscience BC ini tia tive in north east ern Brit ish Co lum bia (NTS 093P, 094A, B); in Geoscience BC Sum mary of Ac tiv i ties 2010, Geoscience BC, Re port 2011-1, p.195–200.	This pa per is an over view of Geoscience BC’s Montney Wa ter Pro ject (MWP), which is a col lab o ra tion be tween in -dus try, gov ern ment, com mu ni ties and stake holders to pro -vide a re gional over view of wa ter re sources in the Montney shale gas play area of north east ern Brit ish Co lum bia. The pro ject out comes are in tended to as sist the oil and gas in - dus try in lo cat ing and eval u at ing wa ter sources and waste fluid dis posal zones. In ad di tion, re sults will also be of value to pro vin cial and lo cal gov ern ments, com mu ni ties and other stake holders. The pro ject ob jec tives are to compile ex ist ing data, pro vide a syn op sis of knowl edge for all wa ter re sources from sur face to deep bed rock, and iden tify data and knowl edge gaps for fu ture re search and pro ject plan ning. Dur ing the ini tial phase, a num ber of hy dro log i -cal models will be assessed to determine their applicability in the region.
Pacific Climate Impacts Consortium (PCIC)	Pacific Climate Impacts Consortium (PCIC)	Applied Research	climate	Pacific Climate Impacts Consortium (PCIC)	A regional climate service centre at the University of Victoria that provides practical information on the physical impacts of climate variability and change in the Pacific and Yukon Region of Canada.
PCIC Climate Summary for the Northeast Region	PCIC	Decision Support Tool	climate	Climate Summary for the Northeast Region	Provides easy to understand summary of past and future climate conditions in Northeast BC
PCIC Hydrologic Impacts Research Plan for 2012-2016	Pacific Climate Impacts Consortium	Applied research	surface water quantity	Schnorbus, M., 2012: Hydrologic Impacts, Research Plan for2012-2016. Pacific Climate Impacts Consortium, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, 15 pp.	Consequently, the aim of the Hydrologic Impacts (HI) theme at the Pacific Climate Impacts Consortium (PCIC), and the purpose of the proposed applied research, is to quantify the effects of climate change and variability on water resources within the Pacific and Yukon region (PYR) of western Canada. The main purposes of HI theme products are to:  Inform and support the sustainable use of the region’s water resources in order to help reduce society’s vulnerability to climate change and climate variability; and  Raise awareness of potential hydrologic implications of climate change and climate variability. All this is to be accomplished at spatial scales relevant to regional and local management and over multiple planning and adaptation time frames. Spatial scales range from several hundreds of thousands of square kilometres (e.g. the Fraser River basin) to several hectares (e.g. drainage culvert design) and timeframes vary from monthly to century. Of particular interest for management and planning is a greater emphasis on knowledge regarding changes in hydrologic variability and changes in extremes, such as flood and drought, and phenomena that affect that variability, such as changes in the frequency and intensity of storms affecting the PYR.
PCIC Strategic Plan 2012-2016	PCIC	Applied Research	climate	PCIC Strategic Plan 2012-2016	Outlines applied research plans about climate change and hydroclimate in BC
Peace - Liard Re-vegetation Manual	Northeast Invasive Plant Committee	water management Programs and Tools		Northeast Invasive Plant Committee. 2010. Peace - Liard Re-vegetation Manual	The purpose of this manual is to provide a quick reference for planning and implementing seeding projects. The process of seeding should be dealt with on a site-specific, prescriptive basis. The prescriptions should take advantage of the wide array of available information and expertise. Potential prescriptions could be revised with new information, changes in seed availability, and seed prices.
Peace-Williston Fish and Wildlife Compensation Program - Priority Topics for Funding	Peace-Williston Fish and Wildlife Compensation Program	Applied research	aquatic habitat	Peace-Williston Fish and Wildlife Compensation Program: Priority Actions for Funding	provides priorities for funding
Peace-Williston Fish and Wildlife Compensation Program Reports Listing	Peace-Williston Fish and Wildlife Compensation Program	Applied research	reports catalogue	Peace-Williston Fish and Wildlife Compensation Program: Reports Listing	provides reports produced through funding by the Peace-Williston Fish and Wildlife Compensation Program
PeatFire	PeatFire	applied research	wetland	PeatFire: website of the northern peat fire working group	We are interested in peat fires from the perspectives of ecology, hydrology, fire science and management, carbon cycle science, and human and ecosystem health. Our research is examining i) controls on fire occurrence and severity in northern peatlands, ii) consequences of wildfire for peatland ecology, hydrology, and carbon balance, and iii) approaches for predicting fire danger during smouldering consumption.
Peatland Hydrology	IUCN-UK	applied research	wetland	Labadz, J et al. 2010. Peatland Hydrology. IUCN-UK.	The nature of a peatland is controlled by hydrological processes. Its existence depends upon retaining water and its characteristics depend upon the origin, volume, chemical quality and variability of water supply.
Peatland hydrology of discontinuous permafrost in the Northwest Territories: Overview and synthesis	Wilfrid Laurier University	Applied Research	wetland	Quinton, W, Hayashi M, Chasmer L. 2009. Peatland hydrology of discontinuous permafrost in the Northwest Territories: Overview and synthesis. Canadian Journal of Water Resources. 34(4):311-328	Field studies were initiated in 1999 at Scotty Creek in the lower Liard River basin, NWT, Canada, to improve understanding of and ability to predict the major water ﬂuxes and storage processes within a wetland-dominated zone of the discontinuous permafrost region. This paper synthesises a decade of published and unpublished research at Scotty Creek for the purpose of presenting the major factors that should be considered by water scientists and managers as a basis for modelling and management strategies. Five main topics are covered: (1) peatlands of lower Liard River valley; (2) hydrological characteristics of permafrost plateaus, ﬂat bogs, and channel fens; (3) runoﬀ generation on permafrost plateaus; (4) conceptual model of peatland hydrology; and (5) climate warming and implications for basin runoﬀ. This synthesis oﬀers a practical understanding of the hydrology of wetland-dominated basins with discontinuous permafrost. It also oﬀers insight into how landscape changes resulting from climate or human disturbances may inﬂuence the basin hydrograph.
Peatland Restoration Guide, 2nd edition.	Canadian Sphagnum Peat Moss Association and New Brunswick Department of Natural Resources and Energy. Québec, Québec	applied research	wetland	Quinty, F. and L. Rochefort, 2003. Peatland Restoration Guide, second edition. Canadian Sphagnum Peat Moss Association and New Brunswick Department of Natural Resources and Energy. Québec, Québec.	Developed as a practical tool for peat producers. It presents an accessible way, the approach that is proposed for restoring milled peatlands.
Peat properties and water retention in boreal forested peatlands subject to wildfire	McMaster University	applied research	wetland	Thompson, D. K., and J. M. Waddington (2013), Peat properties and water retention in boreal forested peatlands subject to wildfire, Water Resour. Res., 49, 3651–3658, doi:10.1002/wrcr.20278.	Peat cores from a recently burned peatland and one over 75 years since fire in Alberta, Canada were analyzed for physical properties and water retention. Wildfire exposed denser peat at the peat surface, more so in hollow than hummock microforms. Water retention in peat has implications for postfire Sphagnum regeneration, as this more dense peat requires smaller volumes of water loss before a critical growth-inhibiting pore-water pressure of −100 mb is reached. Simulations of water retention after fire showed that hollow microforms are at a higher risk of losing low-density surface peat, which moderates water table (WT) declines via high specific yield. Exposure of dense peat to the surface after fire increases surface moisture under a constant WT. The net effect of decreasing specific yield and increasing water retention at the surface has implications on hydrologic stability and resilience of boreal peatlands to future wildfire risk under a changing climate. Earth system models incorporating wildfire disturbance in boreal peatlands would benefit from the inclusion of these hydrological feedbacks in this globally significant carbon reservoir.
Permafrost probability model for southern Yukon and northern BC	University of Ottawa	applied research	permafrost	Bonnaventure, P. P., Lewkowicz, A. G., Kremer, M. and Sawada, M. C. (2012), A Permafrost Probability Model for the Southern Yukon and Northern British Columbia, Canada. Permafrost Periglac. Process., 23: 52–68. doi: 10.1002/ppp.1733	Permafrost maps are needed for infrastructure planning, climatic change adaptation strategies and northern development but often lack sufficient detail for these purposes. The high-resolution (30 x 30 m grid cells) probability model for the southern Yukon and northern British Columbia presented in this paper (regional model) is a combination of seven local empirical-statistical models, each developed from basal temperature of snow measurements in winter and ground-truthing of frozen-ground presence in summer.
Pine River Watershed - Montney Water Project	Geoscience BC	applied research	hydrology	Geoscience BC. 2011. Pine River Watershed - Montney Water Project	Overview of hydrology (SW & GW) in Pine River Watershed
Pipeline Associated Watercourse Crossings, 3rd Edition	Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers (CAPP)	water management Programs and Tools		Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers. 2005. Pipeline Associated Watercourse Crossings, 3rd Edition.	This Guide is a reference document for both industry and Fisheries and Oceans departments in various regions. Based on recently developed DFO Riskmanagement Framwork, the document is a compilation of modern planning considerations, "best practives" pipeline and vehicle watercourse crossing construction techniques, and available environmental protection methods to meet Provincial and Territorial regulatory requirements and minimize associated fisheries habitat impact. The document outlines the present regulatory framework under which pipeline associated watercourse crossings are assessed and construced in Canada. In addition, it suggests measures to assist pipeline companies, governing agencies and contractors during the planning, construction, operation and maintenance of pipeline associated watercourse crossings. The development promotes a consistent approach to pipeline assoicated watercourse crossings throughout Canada and will aid in developing a common understanding among industry, government and other stakeholders.
Pipeline routing in landslide prone terrain	FLNRO	applied research	mass movement	Geertsema, M and Clague, JJ. 2011. Pipeline routing in landslide prone terrain. INNOVATION, 08/2011. p. 17-21.	A challenge in locating and engineering a pipeline in BC is landslides, and the province has many of them. Stable ground is essential, as the environmental and economic costs of pipeline rupture would be extremely high. The best geologic engineering firms thus are employed to locate and plan safe routes. They attempt to determine where a landslide might happen, how likely it is to happen, how large it could be, how far it might travel, and how deep it might scour.
Plan-2-Adapt	PCIC	Decision Support Tool	climate	Plan-2-Adapt	Provides simple interface for generating regional projections for future climate to support decision making. A more powerful (and complex) interface is available in the Regional Analysis Tool.
Potential for Freshwater Bedrock Aquifers in Northeast British Columbia: Regional Distribution and Lithology of Surface and Shallow Subsurface Bedrock Units	Ministry of Energy, Mines and Natural Gas	Applied Research	geoscience	Potential for Freshwater Bedrock Aquifers in Northeast British Columbia: Regional Distribution and Lithology of Surface and Shallow Subsurface Bedrock Units	Identify data sources and previous work that provide tools for freshwater resource exploration and describe the characteristics of shallow (<600 m) bedrock units in terms of their predicted hydrostratigraphic properties (i.e., aquifer versus aquitard), lithology and distribution.
POTENTIAL FOR FRESH WATER BEDROCK AQUIFERS IN NORTHEAST BRITISH COLUMBIA: REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION AND LITHOLOGY OF SURFACE AND SHALLOW SUBSURFACE BEDROCK UNITS	Ministry of Energy and Mines	applied research	geology and groundwater	[email protected]	Bedrock aquifers are an important source of fresh water in British Columbia. The recent expansion of shale gas development in northeast British Columbia has significantly increased the demand for water in this region. In response, the British Columbia Ministry of Energy and Mines (MEM) has initiated several groundwater studies, including this study, which is a preliminary investigation of potential aquifer-hosting bedrock formations in the zone between 600 m depth and surface.
Potential impacts of climate change on BC Hydro’s water resources	BC Hydro	Applied Research	climate change	Jost, G and Weber, F. 2012. Potential impacts of climate change on BC Hydro’s water resources. BC Hydro.	Global climate change is upon us. Both natural cycles and anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions influence climate in British Columbia and the river flows that supply the vast majority of power that BC Hydro generates. BC Hydro’s climate action strategy addresses both the mitigation of climate change through reducing our greenhouse gas emissions, and adaptation to climate change by understanding the risks and magnitude of potential climatic changes to our business today and in the future. As part of its climate change adaptation strategy, BC Hydro has undertaken internal studies and worked with some of the world’s leading scientists in climatology, glaciology, and hydrology to determine how climate change affects water supply and the seasonal timing of reservoir inflows, and what we can expect in the future. While many questions remain unanswered, some trends are evident, which we will explore in this document.
Potential uses of the FREP water quality effectiveness evaluation procedure	Forest & Range Evaluation Program	monitoring	water quality	Carson, B and Maloney, D. 2013. Potential uses of the FREP water quality effectiveness evaluation procedure. FREP Extension Note #31, December 2013.	This extension note, which is intended for natural resource managers, water purveyors, and government monitoring staff, describes some of the many potential uses of the Forest and Range Evaluation Program’s Water Quality Effectiveness Evaluation (WQEE) protocol.1 It also outlines some current issues regarding protocol use and new refinements that will improve its application for more intensive evaluations.
Preliminary Assessment of Groundwater Prospects for the Peace River Strategic Plan	Ministry of Environment	Water Stewardship Plans		Kevin Ronneseth	Report on preliminary assessment of groundwater prospects for the Peace River Strategic Plan, May 1983.
Preliminary bedrock topography and drift thickness of the Montney Play area	A.S. Hickin (BC MEM) Cartography by M.A. Fournier (MAF Geographix)	inventory	geology and groundwater	Preliminary bedrock topography and drift thickness of the Montney Play area by A.S. Hickin (BC MEM) Cartography by M.A. Fournier (MAF Geographix)	To map thickness of drift, top of bedrock, location of buried paleo-channels to better understan geology and support groundwater management
Preliminary investigation of groundwater possibilities in the Fort Nelson area, July 1969.	D.M. Callan, Water Investigations Branch , Environment, BC	applied research		Preliminary investigation of groundwater possibilities in the Fort Nelson area, July 1969. Includes introduction, geological setting, groundwater possibilities, existing well descriptions, conclusions and recommendations, summary of Fort Nelson area wells, water quality data, drillers well logs, gas sampling analysis, site map, drillers log sketch, speculations on glacial geology and groundwater, Water Investigations Branch, 13 pages, NTS Map 094J15	Preliminary investigation of groundwater possibilities in the Fort Nelson area
Preliminary investigations in the Peace River District for groundwater prospects for domestic and agricultural use. Several surficial and bedrock-hosted aquifers were identified and general comments provided about their yields and water quality. Six physiographic units were assessed re: their groundwater prospectivity.	BC Dept of Mines	applied Research	geology and groundwater	Investigations of groundwater prospects for domestic and agricultural use in the Peace River District.	To find domestic and agricultural water supplies in the Peace River District. To identify surficial and bedrock-hosted aquifers and provided general comments about their yields and water quality.
Professional Practice Guidelines - Legislated Flood Assessments in a Changing Climate in BC	Association of Professional Engineers and Geoscientists in BC	Decision Support Tool	hydrology	APEGBC. 2012. Professional Practice Guidelines - Legislated Flood Assessments in a Changing Climate in BC. 144 p.	"These Professional Practice Guidelines - Legislated Flood Assessments in BC were commissioned by the British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations (MFLNRO). They have been written with the intent to guide professional practice for flood assessments, to identify the circumstances when risk assessments are appropriate and to emphasize the need to consider climate change and land use changes in such assessments."
Project Information Centre	BC Environmental Assessment Office	Monitoring	baseline	Project Information Centre	To provide information (including baseline information) for projects undergoing the EA application process
Protocol for evaluating the conditon of streams and riparian management areas (Riparian management routine effectiveness evaluation)	Forest & Range Evaluation Program	monitoring	riparian	Tripp, D.B., P.J. Tschaplinski, S.A. Bird and D.L. Hogan. 2009. Protocol for Evaluating the Condition of Streams and Riparian Management Areas (Riparian Management Routine Effectiveness Evaluation). Forest and Range Evaluation Program, B.C. Min. For. Range and B.C. Min. Env., Victoria, BC.	This handbook is for anyone with a basic working knowledge of streams and/or riparian habitats, including forest and range planners, developers, and other land users. It is not essential that a person have expert knowledge on any aspect of the subject. In fact, generalists are apt to be more consistent in their assessments because they are less likely to interpret the questions and their indicators, or get overly involved in detailed measurements at the expense of other indicators.
Protocol for evaluating the potential impact of forestry and range use on water quality (Water quality management routine effectiveness evaluation)	Forest & Range Evaluation Program	monitoring	water quality	B. Carson, D. Maloney, S Chatwin, M. Carver and P. Beaudry. 2009. Protocol for Evaluating the Potential Impact of Forestry and Range Use on Water Quality (Water Quality Routine Effectiveness Evaluation). Forest and Range Evaluation Program, B.C. Min. For. Range and B.C. Min. Env., Victoria, BC.	The Forest and Range Practices Act (FRPA) makes provisions for independent assessments of the effectiveness of the Act to meet environmental objectives. Maintaining or improving water quality is one objective of the Act. Field procedures developed here provide a means to quantify the effect of forestry and range related disturbances on water quality and how that impact might be mitigated.1
Protocols Manual for Water Quality Sampling in Canada	Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME)	Monitoring	water monitoring	CCME. 2011. Protocols manual for water quality sampling in Canada. PN 1461.	"The Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) through the Water Quality Task Group identified a need for water monitoring guidance. This sampling manual will provide a Canada-wide consistency in water monitoring."
Provincial Climate Data Set	PCIC	Monitoring	climate	Provincial Climate Data Set (PCDS) Portal	Provides comprehensive source for climate data collected by major BC institutions.
Provincial Snow Monitoring Program	Environment Canada and Ministry of Environment	Monitoring	status and trend	Provincial Snowmonitoring Program	To provide snow pillow information for use in predictions of water supply and flood risk
Provisional permafrost map of British Columbia	FLNRO	inventory	permafrost	Hasler A, Geertsema M 2013. Provisional permafrost map of British Columbia. BC Ministry of Environment	permafrost map of BC
Quantifying the water budget for Coles Lake, Northeastern BC	UNBC/FLNRO	applied research	water balance	Abadzadesahraei, S. 2014. Quantifying the water budget for Coles Lake, Northeastern BC. BV Centre Abstract.	The main objective of this research is to provide a comprehensive water budget for Coles Lake so that Quicksilver may extract appropriate amounts of surface water without detrimental impacts to the natural environment.
Quintette Project Water Quality Predictions: Technical Data Report	Lorax Environmental	applied Research	water quality	Lorax Environmental. 2012. Quintette Project Water Quality Predictions: Technical Data Report. Completed for Teck Coal Ltd
Range Development - Infrastructure - Points	Ministry of Forest, Lands and Natural Resource Operations	Inventory	infrastructure	Range Development - Infrastructure - Points	Inventory of range developments on crown land to improve livestock management including water developments (e.g. pump, well or pipe).
Regional Analysis Tool	PCIC	Decision Support Tool	climate	Regional Analysis Tool	Provides interface for generating regional projections for future climate. More powerful (but complex) interface than Plan-2-Adapt tool
Regional background assessment of groundwater wells in the greater Hudson Hope area	Science and Community Environmental Knowledge Fund (SCEK)	Applied Research	groundwater	Diversified Technical Services. 2003. Regional assessment of groundwater wells in the greater Hudson Hope area. 26p.	"Diversified Technical Services (DTS) was requested to identify suitable sites in the area and gather baseline data on the water. Eight Environmental Monitoring Sites (EMS) were located and sampled for water quality and quantity data during the fall of 2003. Quality analysis was completed for Potability, Dissolved Metals, and Extractable Petroleum Hydrocarbons. Quantity data included static water level measurement, pump tests, and flow measurements on springs and creeks. A review of surficial and bedrock geology was completed to identify the aquifers and guide the location of EMS."
Regional Geochemistry	Ministry of Energy, Mines and Natural Gas	Inventory	water resource	Regional Geochemistry	To conduct stream reconnaissance-scale stream sediment and water surveys
Report and findings related to the relative magnitude of induced infiltration from the Peace River to groundwater, well yield potential and long-term water quality.		applied Research		Report and findings related to the relative magnitude of induced infiltration from the Peace River to groundwater, well yield potential and long-term water quality.	Looking for sustainable and potable water supplies for Ft St John.
(report due this summer) An analysis of the GSC data from their seismic work conducted in the 2013 summer season in the Groundbirch and Dawson Creek area.	GSC; British Columbia Geological Survey	applied research	geology and groundwater	Conducting geophysical investigations in the Groundbirch area.	An analysis of the GSC data from their seismic work to help define stratigraphy and burried paleo-channels in the Groundbirch and Dawson Creek area.
Reporting Silviculture Updates and Land Status Tracking System (RESULTS)	Ministry of Forest, Lands and Natural Resource Operations	Inventory	water resource	Reporting Silviculture Updates and Land Status Tracking System (RESULTS)	Database housing silviculture status of forestry lands
Report on an investigation of buried channel deposits in the Groundbirch Area of Northeastern B.C.,, Report #3 of Peace River Rotary Drilling Program for 1969, March 1970. Includes synopis, geology, map of drill sites, soil parent materials, unit descriptions, study methods, estimated drilling costs, conclusions, composite logs, schematic geological section, drilling and water quality summary, well inventory data , Groundwater Division, 19 pages, NTS Map 093P15	D.M. Callan, Water Investigations Branch , Environment, BC	applied research		Report on an investigation of buried channel deposits in the Groundbirch Area of Northeastern B.C.,, Report #3 of Peace River Rotary Drilling Program for 1969, March 1970. Includes synopis, geology, map of drill sites, soil parent materials, unit descriptions, study methods, estimated drilling costs, conclusions, composite logs, schematic geological section, drilling and water quality summary, well inventory data , Groundwater Division, 19 pages, NTS Map 093P15	Report on an investigation of buried channel deposits in the Groundbirch Area of Northeastern B.C.,, Report #3 of Peace River Rotary Drilling Program for 1969, March 1970. Includes synopis, geology, map of drill sites, soil parent materials, unit descriptions, study methods, estimated drilling costs, conclusions, composite logs, schematic geological section, drilling and water quality summary, well inventory data , Groundwater Division, 19 pages, NTS Map 093P15
Report on the installation and testing of the City of Fort St. John's Test Production Wells TPW-5, TPW-6 and TPW-7 located on the north side of the Peace River.	City of Fort St. John			Report on the installation and testing of the City of Fort St. John's Test Production Wells TPW-5, TPW-6 and TPW-7 located on the north side of the Peace River.	Develop a community water supply
Reservoir Permits Over Crown Land	Ministry of Forest, Lands and Natural Resource Operations	Inventory	infrastructure	Reservoir Permits Over Crown Land	Inventory of reservoir permits used for power storage on Crown land
Resource Road Construction Practices in Wetlands	Ducks Unlimited	Water Management Programs and Tools	Wetlands	Gillies, C and Smith, C. 2013. Resource road construction practices in wetlands. Presentation to Resources North, June 2013.
Resources Information Standards Committee (RISC)	BC Integrated Land Management Bureau	Monitoring	protocols & procedures	Resources Information Standards Committee (RISC)	Program establishes standards for natural and cultural resources monitoring and inventories
Results and recommendations for rotary drilling program at Fort Nelson Improvement District, November 1969.	D.M. Callan, Water Investigations Branf , Environment, BC	applied research		Results and recommendations for rotary drilling program at Fort Nelson Improvement District, November 1969. Includes synopsis, rotary drilling summary, site descriptions, drilling well logs, conclusions, recommendations, map of site locations, grain size distribution and sieve analysis, geological depth profiles, drilling photographs, Groundwater Section, 10 pages, NTS Map 094J15	Results and recommendations for rotary drilling program at Fort Nelson Improvement District, November 1969.
Results and recommendations from 1969 rotary test drilling program at Chetwynd.	D.M. Callan, Water Investigations Branch , Environment, BC	applied research		Results and recommendations from 1969 rotary test drilling program at Chetwynd. Includes synopsis of drilling activities, well construction details and site drilling results, pump test results, recommendations, proposed test well drilling cost estimates, summary and conclusions, pump test data, time-drawdown and recovery curve plots, Groundwater Division, 6 pages, NTS Map 093P12	Results and recommendations from 1969 rotary test drilling program at Chetwynd.
ReThinking Our Water Ways	Fraser Basin Council	water management Programs and Tools	water management	ReThinking Our Water Ways: A guide to water and watershed planning for BC communities in the face of climate change and other challenges	This guide has been developed for local governments, First Nations, and other government agencies, stewardship organizations, water use sectors and community stakeholders. The purpose of the guide is to help these organizations and individuals: understand the value of water and watershed planning navigate through the web of current and emerging water issues understand the range of planning options that are available in BC, and build capacity to develop and implement plans that will strengthen watershed health and community sustainability.
Review and Assessment of Canadian Groundwater Resources, Management, Current Research Mechanisms and Priorities	Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME)	Applied Research	groundwater	CCME. 2010. Review and Assessment of Canadian Groundwater Resources, Management, Current Research Mechanisms and Priorities. CCME PN 1441.	"the Water Agenda Development Committee (WADC) contracted Golder Associates Ltd. to survey and report on the views of Canadian groundwater regulators, consultants, researchers and users with respect to knowledge and knowledge gaps of groundwater in the country; groundwater governance; linkages between surface water and groundwater management; and research. This document is a summary of the opinions of those surveyed and does not represent a conclusive survey on groundwater. As CCME work on groundwater is in early stages, the information in this report and other studies will inform further CCME work on groundwater policy needs and opportunities."
Review of approaches and methods to assess environmental flows across Canada and internationally	Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada	Applied Research	environmental flows	Linnansaari, T et al. 2012. Review of Approaches and methods to assess environmental flows across Canada and internationally. Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat, Research Document 2012/039.	This document is intended to serve as an input for a scientific review process at a national level and to provide background information on i) conflicting terminology used in the environmental flows literature, ii) environmental flow assessment methodological approaches and iii) current status of environmental flow guidelines used in different jurisdictions in Canada. The information contained in this document was critically discussed by an assembled group of experts who will provide further scientific advice on environmental flow regimes for the Canadian context in a separate document.
Review of hydrologic models for forest management and climate change applications in British Columbia and Alberta	FORREX	applied Research	hydrology	Beckers, J., B. Smerdon, and M. Wilson. 2009. Review of hydrologic models for forest management and climate change applications in British Columbia and Alberta. forrex Forum for Research and Extension in Natural Resources, Kamloops, BC forrex Series 25.	This report is organized as follows: Section 2 introduces 30 hydrologic models, summarizes the methodology and criteria used to review and describe the models and their applications, and discusses the underlying considerations for selecting and applying a model. Because of the volume of technical material reviewed, the hydrologic models and their applications are discussed and ranked in Appendix 1. The objective of this organization is to limit the length and technical content of the main report, thus emphasizing the decision-support aspect of model selection. Section 3 provides this decision support, including a step-wise approach to model selection, and an overview of the main advantages and disadvantages of the nine hydrologic models identified as being the most appropriate for answering forest management questions. Current barriers to the operational use of models in a forest management context are discussed in Section 4, while Section 5 researches the suitability of select models for exploring potential climate change effects on future watershed processes and outputs relevant to forest management. A summary of the main findings of this synthesis is provided in Section 6.
Riparian areas in the Canadian boreal forest and linkages with water quality in streams		applied Research	boreal hydrology	Luke, SH et al. 2007. Riparian areas in the Canadian boreal forest and linkages with water quality in streams. Environmental Reviews 15: 79-97. 10.1139/A07-001	Riparian areas in the Canadian boreal forest represent the transition zone between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. We review factors that influence riparian vegetation communities and the associated interactions with boreal streams. Regional and local drivers (e.g., climate, edaphic factors, and natural disturbances) that affect upland boreal vegetation also operate in riparian areas. However, the proximity of riparian areas to the stream channel not only modifies some of these drivers, but it means that the stream itself becomes a driver of riparian vegetation dynamics. For example, hydrological disturbances like flooding and ice scour affect soil texture and alter successional pathways, sometimes completely denuding streambanks of vegetation. Even in riparian areas unaffected by such catastrophic disturbances, saturated soil conditions can influence riparian forest composition and nutrient cycling. Saturated soils support lower mineralization rates, therefore organic layers store relatively more carbon and nitrogen than adjoining upland soils, and primary productivity is generally lower. Saturated soils also have implications for the ability of the riparian area to “buffer” streams from inputs of water and nutrients. For example, reducing conditions in riparian soils could be the sites for nitrate removal from groundwater by denitrification. Spatial variation in weather, soils, vegetation cover, slope, accumulation of organic matter, geographic location, and relief undoubtedly add to the complexity of understanding the role of riparian systems in Canada’s vast boreal forest. However, the opportunity to identify patterns relating to riparian areas will assist in our understanding and management of these multifaceted systems.
Riparian forest management: paradigms for ecological management and practices in Alberta	Alberta Conservation Association and Alberta Research Council	applied Research	aquatic ecology	Lee, P., Smyth, C. 2003. Riparian forest management: paradigms for ecological management and practices in Alberta. Report produced by the Alberta Research Council (Vegreville, Alberta) and the Alberta Conservation Association (Edmonton, Alberta) for the Northern Watershed Project Stakeholder Committee. Northern Watershed Project Final Report No. 1. 117 pp.	This report reviewed the qualitative and quantitative data dealing with the ecological retention of treed riparian buffers in timber harvest cutblocks. The review focused primarily on the Boreal and Rocky Mountain ecoregions withapplications to Alberta. Studies outside of the Boreal or Rocky Mountain were considered when demonstrating broader concepts or when data was not available for these regions. The report was organized into nine sections with two appendices, but deals with four major issues: 1) defining riparian areas, 2) qualitative and quantitative review for the ecological-basis of riparian buffers, 3) quantitative review of management guidelines for riparian buffers, and 4) natural disturbance-succession model (based on wildfires) for management of riparian.
River Forecast Center	BC River Forecast Centre	Monitoring	surface water	Snow Survey Network Maps
River Forecast Center	Ministry of Environment	Public Reporting	surface water	River Forecast Center	To provide warnings and forecasts of stream and lake runoff conditions around the province
Roads on Peat. E-learning lesson	ROADEX	water management Programs and Tools	wetland	ROADEX. Roads on Peat. E-learning Lesson	This eLearning lesson on “Roads on Peat” was produced for the ROADEX IV project. The goal for the lesson was to gather together the Partner experiences on the construction and maintenance on roads over peat, and deliver it in such a fashion that it could be quickly used by road engineers in their day-to-day work. The lesson draws heavily on experiences gained over the course of the ROADEX projects and is supplemented by information gathered by the authors in discussions with roads administrations and experts across the Northern Periphery area.
Road Surface Erosion, Part 1: Summary of Effects, Processes, and Assessment Procedures	FORREX	applied research	soil erosion	Baird, E et al. 2012. Road surface erosion, Part 1: Summary of effects, processes, and assessment procedures. Streamline Watershed Management Bulletin 15(1)	Overview/summary of sediment production from resource roads
Rock movements in northeastern British Columbia		Applied Research	mass movement		The northeastern corner of BC is underlain by flat-lying cretaceous shales and sandstones whic form mesa and butte landscapes. To the south and west, these and older rocks are tilted, folded and faulted into the Northern Rocky Mountains. Rock movements in the flat-lying or gently dipping rocks are spreads (cambers) rotational slides, topples and falls. Transverse ridges from spreads reorganize int flows with longitudinal ridges on steeper gradients down slope. In the Rock Mountains, rock slides occur down dip slopes. Where the slide deposits bury ice, rock glaciers may result. Where they accumulate on fine grained Quaternary deposits, large earth flows may be triggered. Both simple and composite topples (buckels) are seen where the deformed rock's bedding is suitably oriented.
Rosenberg International Forum: the Mackenzie River Basin	Rosenberg International Forum	Public Reporting	Mackenzie basin	Rosenberg International Forum. 2013. Report of the Rosenberg International Forum's Workshop on Transboundary Relations in the Mackenzie River Basin.	The Mackenzie River Basin is among the most intact large-scale ecosystems in North America. It provides significant breeding habitat for migratory birds and aquatic habitat. Sixty-three per cent of the Basin is covered by boreal forest, with another 20 per cent covered by wetlands. While the Basin is relatively undisturbed ecologically, it is at risk both from a warming climate and development pressures from the exploitation of hydrocarbons, non-renewable minerals and hydroelectric potential. These large forces of change threaten the ecological integrity of the Basin, its capacity to provide important environmental services, and its role as homeland to Aboriginal Peoples who rely on the land and its resources to provide food, clothing, water and other necessities of life
Runoff and inorganic nitrogen export from Boreal Plain watersheds six years after wildfire and one year after harvest	FORWARD Project	applied Research	water quality	Pelster, D et al. 2008. Water and nutrient inputs, outputs, and storage in Canadian boreal forest wetlands: a review. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science, 7(S1): 35-50, 10.1139/S08-024	This investigation in the Swan Hills, Alberta, located on the Canadian Boreal Plain, examined May through October runoff before, during and six years after wildfire in a 4th order watershed, compared to a 3rd order reference watershed. It also examined runoff and inorganic nitrogen flow-weighted mean concentration and areal export for 1 year after winter harvest in four 1st order watersheds compared to five reference 1st and 2nd order watersheds. Runoff and areal exports were normalized to precipitation at each site. Runoff impact ratios (year 1 post-disturbance value divided by the pre-disturbance value) for burned and harvested watersheds were 60 and 70% higher, respectively, than reference watersheds (P = 0.06). Runoff from the burned watershed remained elevated 6 years after fire. A trend for higher nitrate and ammonium concentrations, combined with higher runoff yielded impact ratios for areal ammonium and nitrate exports that were 130 and 170% higher, respectively, in harvested than reference watersheds (P = 0.08 for both). The proportion of the watershed harvested was positively related to runoff (r2 = 0.94, P = 0.03) and ammonium impact ratios (r2 = 0.96, P = 0.02), but not nitrate impact ratios (P = 0.30). Areal nitrate export in snowmelt was low in harvested watersheds compared to their pre-harvest condition and to reference watersheds. Keywords: nitrate, ammonium, inorganic nitrogen, runoff, boreal forest, forest harvest, wildfire
Runoff and phosphorus export patterns in large forested watersheds on the western Canadian Boreal Plain before and for 4 years after wildfire	FORWARD Project	applied Research	boreal hydrology	Burke, JM et al. 2005. Runoff and phosphorus export patterns in large forested watersheds on the western Canadian Boreal Plain before and for 4 years after wildfire. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science, 2005, 4(5): 319-325, 10.1139/s04-072	We examined water and phosphorus export patterns in four large (130 to 247 km2) Boreal Plain watersheds (two burned and two reference) before and for 4 years after wildfire and the influence of precipitation intensity and timing on these patterns. Time series analysis of the one burned and one reference watershed monitored before and after fire demonstrated that relative to changes in the reference watershed over the same time period, runoff and dissolved and particulate phosphorus exports were higher in the burned watershed during the four post-fire years than before the fire (P = 0.001). Comparison of post-fire means in all four watersheds monitored for the post-fire years demonstrated that mean water and particulate phosphorus exports were 1.6 (P = 0.01) and 3.7 (P = 0.03) times higher in burned than reference watersheds, respectively. A similar pattern existed for dissolved phosphorus exports, but differences were not significant (P = 0.13). Thus, the pre- vs. post-fire comparison was consistent with, and more powerful than, the post-fire treatment vs. reference comparison. As of year 4 post-fire, burned watersheds continued to export more water and particulate phosphorus per unit area than reference watersheds, particularly during peak flow periods. Key words: watershed disturbance, boreal forest, stream, water quality, fire, phosphorus, runoff.
Salmonid winter ecology in interior BC streams and implications of winter water withdrawl.	BC Ministry of Environment	Applied Research	environmental flows	Faulkner, S, Hatfield, T, Buchanan, S and Lewis, A. 2012. Salmonid winter ecology in interior BC streams and implications of winter water withdrawl. Prepared for BC Ministry of Environment. //www.livingwatersmart.ca/water-act/docs/WinterFlowsProject2012.pdf	The main questions addressed in this report are: (1) what is winter?, (2) what do fish do in winter? (3) how does habitat change in winter? (4) what effect does water withdrawl have on winter habitat?; The information used to answer these questions is then used to explore impact pathways associated iwth winter flow reductions on fish and fish habitat.
Scientific theory, data and techniques for conservation of water resources within a changing forested landscape.	Sustainable Forest Management Network (SFMN)	Applied Research	watershed mgmt	Creed et al. 2011. Scientific theory, data and techniques for conservation of water resources within a changing forested landscape. SFMN, Edmonton, AB.	"This State of Knowledge (SOK) report builds on a companion SOK report entitled “Hydrological principles for conservation of water resources within a changing forested landscape”, which presents a suite of hydrological principles that provide a foundation for the development of sustainable forest management strategies to conserve water resources. With this report, our objective is to review the state of science resources (including data and tools) behind the sustainable management of forests from the perspective of conserving water resources and minimizing adverse effects resulting from forest management activities. We also provide a current synthesis of field studies and available datasets, as well as the scientific achievements and challenges facing the application of digital tools including digital terrain analysis, remote sensing and hydrological modelling. Finally, we provide recommendations for scientists, policy makers and resources managers with respect to future research and monitoring endeavours, analysis of integrated datasets and training of the next generation of forest hydrologists and forest managers to promote the practice of sustainable forest management."
Seasonal Climate Maps	PCIC	Inventory	climate	Seasonal Climate Maps	Maps showing seasonal observations (max temp, min temp and precipitation anomalies) relative to 30 year normals (1971-2000)
Selected tools to evaluate water monitoring networks for climate change adaptation	Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME)	Applied Research	monitoring	CCME. 2011. Selected tools to evaluate water monitoring networks for climate change adaptation. CCME PN 1464.	"Selected Tools to Evaluate Water Monitoring Networks for Climate Change Adaptation is a reference document for non-specialist water managers and climate change adaptation planners. The document was developed to help Canadian federal, provincial and territorial governments determine the suitability of their water monitoring networks to provide the data needed to plan for and to adapt to a changing climate. It describes proven and practical ways for jurisdictions to set priorities for water monitoring networks for climate change adaptation, and then evaluate the ability of these networks to provide the data needed to support climate change adaptation needs. However as the impacts of climate change vary by location, the priorities and evaluations will, by necessity, be jurisdiction- and region-specific. Prioritisation and evaluation will help jurisdictions decide whether (and how) to add or reduce stations, add hydrologic parameters, or change the frequency and timing of sampling and ultimately better support climate change adaptation planning."
Sensitive Ecosystem Inventory	Ministry of Environment	Inventory	water resource	Sensitive Ecosystem Inventory	To identify remnants of rare and fragile terrestrial ecosystems (including wetlands and riparian ecosystems) and to encourage land-use decisions that will ensure the continued integrity of these ecosystems.
Sensitivity of modelled evapotranspiration to canopy characteristics within the Western Boreal Plain, Alberta	University of Alberta	applied research	boreal hydrology	Chasmer, L et al. 2012. Sensitivity of modelled evapotranspiration to canopy characteristics within the Western Boreal Plain, Alberta. IAHS Publication 352.	t In recent years, the Western Boreal Plain (WBP) of northern Alberta has undergone intense anthropogenic disturbance via oil and gas extraction, and silvicultural activities. The extent to which changes in land cover types/characteristics affect estimates of evapotranspiration (ET) is currently unknown. This study examines the sensitivity of ET (Penman-Monteith variant) to variability in canopy structural and ground surface characteristics at eight sites and three land cover types (mature upland mixedwood, regenerating upland mixedwood, and peatland) during the growing season in 2008.
SFU has a Ph.D. student researching the development of a risk assessment framework to for NE BC impacts of shale gas extraction on groundwater resource and groundwater quality. This linked to collaboration with the Research Institute of Humanity and Nature (Japan) for risk and policy related research exploring the Energy-Food-Water Nexus.		applied research	risk assessment to water and food supplies		SFU has a Ph.D. student researching the development of a risk assessment framework to for NE BC impacts of shale gas extraction on groundwater resource and groundwater quality. This linked to collaboration with the Research Institute of Humanity and Nature (Japan) for risk and policy related research exploring the Energy-Food-Water Nexus.
Shale Gas	Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers (CAPP)	Monitoring	protocols & procedures	Shale Gas	Provides industry standards for hydrometric, climate and water quality monitoring, and hydraulic fracturing. Also provides recommendations for water stewardship.
Shale gas in British Columbia: Risks to BC's Water Resources	Pembina Institute	water management Programs and Tools	Hydraulic fracturing	Campbell, K and Horne, M. 2011. Shale gas in British Columbia: Risks to BC's water resources. Pembina Institute	British Columbia has been extracting natural gas for half of a century but until recently, conventional wisdom held that the province’s economic gas reserves would be significantly depleted by 2020; the readily accessible gas was running out and other reserves were either too remote or too costly to extract. That notion has been challenged in the past several years because the costs of extracting hard-to-access sources of gas, notably shale gas, have dropped significantly. The impacts are far-reaching, as it is now known that B.C. is located on top of gas reserves that are significant not only provincially but also on a continental scale.
Shale Resources Compendium	Natural Resources Canada	inventory	hydraulic fracturing	Natural Resources Canada. 2013. Responsible Shale Development: Enhancing the Knowledge Base on Shale Oil and Gas in Canada. Energy and Mines Ministers' Conference. Annex B: Shale Resources Compendium. Yellowknife NWT, August 2013.	Provides overview of shale resources by province, including legislation and ongoing research/monitoring activities
Shallow groundwater–surface water interactions in pond–peatland complexes along a Boreal Plains topographic gradient	university of Alberta	applied Research	boreal hydrology	Ferone, JM and Devito, KJ. 2004. Shallow groundwater–surface water interactions in pond–peatland complexes along a Boreal Plains topographic gradient. Journal of Hydrology 292:75-95	Shallow pond–peatland complexes are important water resources and waterbird habitat on the Boreal Plains of Canada, and are potentially threatened by accelerated resource development. We examined two shallow pond–peatland complexes located in contrasting topographic positions within a clay-rich till region: one on a moraine and one on a lowland clay plain, to evaluate the influence of landscape position on wetland groundwater–surface water interactions, hydrologic function, and potential response to disturbance. Hydrometric and geochemical measurements indicated that precipitation and evaporation dominated the annual water balance of both ponds. Forested mineral uplands adjacent to the pond–peatland complexes contributed no runoff inputs. Small recharge rates (<5 mm year−1) from the ponds through low-permeable clay to the underlying aquifer were measured at both topographic locations. Shallow groundwater fluxes to/from the pond were controlled by water storage in and exchange with the adjacent riparian peatlands. Shallow groundwater fluxes may have contributed as much as 23% of inputs and outputs, and influenced pond chemistry and permanence. Shallow groundwater exchange between the pond and adjacent peatlands varied seasonally and differed between the moraine and lowland complex. Groundwater flow reversals occurred around the entire perimeter of the moraine pond; recharge from the moraine pond to the peatland during dry periods was off-set by discharge to the pond from the peatland during wet periods. In contrast, shallow groundwater ‘flow-through’ conditions were observed at the lowland pond for most of the study; however, during a high-rainfall event, a groundwater flow reversal within the outflow peatland initiated discharge back into the pond. These results suggest that the hydrologic regimes of some pond–peatland complexes in clay-rich till within the Boreal Plains will be more sensitive to local-scale disturbances that impact flow dynamics and storage of near-shore peatlands, rather than larger-scale disturbances of mineral upland regions.
Simulations of fully-coupled lake-groundwater exchange in a sub-humid climate with an integrated hydrologic model	HEAD Project	applied Research	groundwater-surface water interactions	Smerdon, B.D., Mendoza, C.A., and Devito, K.J. (2007). Simulations of fully-coupled lake-groundwater exchange in a sub-humid climate with an integrated hydrologic model. Water Resources Research, 43, W01416 (doi:10.1029/2006WR005137).	A fully coupled, integrated surface water/groundwater model was used to study hydrologic controls on lake-groundwater interaction in the subhumid, Boreal Plains of northern Alberta, Canada. Findings from a previous water budget study indicate that lakes on the outwash landscape capture groundwater as a major source of water input and function as evaporation windows. Transient hydrologic responses of a flow-through style lake and outwash groundwater flow system were simulated for a three-dimensional model. Hydraulic heads, surface water depth, and the corresponding exchange fluxes between the surface and the subsurface were all simulated simultaneously and compared to field observations for the summers of 2002 and 2003. Replication of the transient flow regime required an anisotropy ratio of 10:1 for the outwash deposits and inclusion of riparian peatlands, which control lake-groundwater interaction and maintain surface water on permeable northern landscapes. Spatially and temporally variable evapotranspiration governed the water table configuration and lake-groundwater seepage patterns.
Snow monitoring in the Kiskatinaw River watershed	Ministry of Forest, Lands and Natural Resource Operations, City of Dawson Creek	Monitoring	status and trend	Snow monitoring in the Kiskatinaw River watershed	Snow accumulation and melt related to mountain pine beetle impact is monitored at two stations, in support of hydrological and ecological research in the Kiskatinaw River watershed . Sampling began in 2012 and is multiyear.
Soils of the Fort Nelson Area of British Columbia	Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada	inventory	soil	Valentine, KWG. 1971. Soils of the Fort Nelson Area of British Columbia. Report No. 12, British Columbia Soil Survey.	Describes the soils and landforms of the Fort Nelson Area.
Soils of the Fort St John - Dawson Creek area, British Columbia	Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada	inventory	soil	Lord, TM and Green, AJ. 1986. Soils of the Fort St John - Dawson Creek area, British Columbia. Report No. 42 British Columbia Soil Survey. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada.	Describes the soils and landforms of the Fort St John - Dawson Creek area. Includes 4 map sheets.
Soil, surface water and ground water phosphorous relationships in a partially harvested Boreal Plain aspen catchment	TROLS Project	applied Research	boreal hydrology	Macrae, ML et al. 2005. Soil, surface water and ground water phosphorous relationships in a partially harvested Boreal Plain aspen catchment. Forest Ecology and Management 206: 315-329.	Soil phosphorus (water-extractable) measured in harvested and forested areas of a headwater aspen forested catchment in north-central Alberta was related to surface and ground water total dissolved phosphorus (TDP). No differences in water-extractable soil phosphorus concentrations ([ext-P]) were observed between harvested and forested areas. Topographic position explained most of the variance in the [ext-P] of surface soils. Soil [ext-P] in surface horizons was large in upslope areas compared to low-lying areas, ephemeral draws, and wetlands. Forest floor and surface organic soils (0–10 cm) had greater concentrations of ext-P (>70 μg g−1) and total P (tot-P) (>1000 μg g−1) than mineral soils ([ext-P] <2 μg g−1 and [tot-P] <300 μg g−1). Phosphorus buffering capacity was small in organic surface soils (EPC0 > 5000 μg L−1) and large in mineral soils (EPC0 A horizon = 100–400 μg L−1; EPC0 B horizon < 100 μg L−1). This was reflected in greater levels of TDP in surface water (range = 2–2350 μg L−1, median = 85 μg L−1) and soil water (range = 22–802 μg L−1, median = 202 μg L−1) which flowed through organic soils, compared with small concentrations of TDP in ground water which flowed through mineral soils (range = 0–1705 μg L−1, median = 23 μg L−1). Our results indicate that increases in ground water TDP following harvest are unlikely due to the large adsorption affinity of mineral soils. Phosphorus-rich surface soils have a large potential for phosphorus release to surface water but this does not differ between harvested and forested areas. Sub-humid climatic conditions and rapid aspen regeneration lead to soil moisture deficits and limited surface runoff which may reduce harvesting effects on P mobilization on the Boreal Plain.
Soil Survey of the Peace River Area in British Columbia	Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada	inventory	soil	Farstad, L et al. 1965. Soil Survey of the Peace River Area in British Columbia	Describes the soils and landforms of thePeace River Area area. Includes 2 map sheets.
Soil Survey Reports for British Columbia	Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada	inventory	soil	Soil Survey Reports for British Columbia	Provides links to digital reports and data (where available) for soil surveys carried out within British Columbia
Some hydrological effects of peatland drainage in Alberta's boreal forest	Canadian Forest Service	applied research	wetland	Hillman, GR. 1992. Some hydrological effects of peatland drainage in Alberta's boreal forest. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 22: 1588-1596.	Research to examine effects of drainage on peatland hydrology in northern Alberta.
Standards and Best Practices for Instream Work	Ministry of Environment	Water Management Programs and Tools	ecosystems	Standards and Best Practices for Instream Work	Provides best practices for works conducted in or about a stream
State of British Columbia's Forests	Ministry of Forest, Lands and Natural Resource Operations	Public Reporting	forestry	State of British Columbia's Forests	A sustainable forestry report that provides information about the environmental, economic and social aspects of B.C.'s forests
State of stream channels, fish habitats, and adjacent riparian areas: Resource stewardship effectiveness monitoring to evaluate the effectiveness of riparian management, 2005-2008.	Forest & Range Evaluation Program	monitoring	riparian	Tschaplinski, PJ. 2011. State of stream channels, fish habitats, and adjacent riparian areas: Resrouce stewardship monitoring to evaluate the effectiveness of riparian management, 2005-2008. Forest & Range Evaluation PRogram, Extension Note #17, January 2011.	The key purpose of this extension note is to inform resource management professionals of the biophysical outcomes of management practices on riparian and stream function. This information will help enhance the knowledge on which professional advice and accountability are based, and help inform sound decision making.
State of stream channels, fish habitats, and adjacent riparian areas: Resource stewardship effectiveness monitoring to evaluate the effectiveness of riparian management, 2005-2008.	Forest & Range Evaluation Program	monitoring	riparian	Tschaplinski, P.J. 2010. State of Stream Channels, Fish Habitats, and their Adjacent Riparian Areas: Resource Stewardship Monitoring to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Riparian Management, 2005–2008. FREP Report # 27. Min. For. Mines, Lands., For. Prac. Invest. Br., Victoria, B.C., Forest and Range Evaluation Program.	From 2005 to 2008, B.C. Ministry of Forests and Range field staff assessed a total of 1441 stream reaches located within or adjacent to randomly selected cutblocks (harvest areas) to determine stream and riparian conditions 2 years or more following forest harvest. The objective of these assessments conducted under the Forest and Range Evaluation program (FREP) was to determine whether forest and range practices had been effective in maintaining the structural integrity and ecological functions of stream reaches and associated riparian areas. Post-harvest conditions or “health” of the stream-riparian sites were categorized in terms of “properly functioning condition” (PFC).
State of Water Quality of Liard River at Fort Liard, 1984-1995	BC Ministry of Environment and Environment Canada	monitoring	water quality	Jang, L and Pommen, LW. 1996. State of Water Quality of Liard River at Fort Liard, 1984-1995. BC Ministry of Environment and Environment Canada	The Liard River is a major tributary of the Mackenzie River, flowing southeast from the Yukon into British Columbia, looping through northern B.C., and then flowing northeast into the Northwest Territories to the Mackenzie (Figure 1). Water quality is affected by various activities including oil and gas development, mining, forestry and agriculture. There are three water quality stations on the Liard River: Upper Crossing near the Yukon-B.C. border, Lower Crossing at Liard River, B.C., and at Fort Liard in the Northwest Territories (Figure 1). This report assesses water quality data collected at the Fort Liard monitoring station, located at the Hudson's Bay Company Post near Fort Liard. Water quality samples were collected between 1984 and 1995 by Environment Canada. Flow was measured at a Water Survey of Canada flow gauge at the water quality monitoring station. We concluded that: · There were no environmentally significant trends in water quality that could be identified through visual examination of the data. · Total aluminum, arsenic, cadmium, organic carbon, chromium, copper, iron, lead, manganese, selenium, and zinc at times exceeded water quality criteria for aquatic life or drinking water due to high levels of suspended sediment during high river flow. These substances were probably not biologically available and would be removed by drinking water treatment needed to remove turbidity. · Turbidity removal and disinfection are needed prior to drinking. · The river was often too turbid for recreation during the summer. · The river had a low sensitivity to acid inputs. · Hardness levels were mostly above the optimum range for drinking water, reaching the poor range during winter. · The water was cool enough for drinking except during the summer, when it was warm enough for water-contact recreation. We recommend that monitoring be terminated for the Liard River at Fort Liard because there are no apparent water quality trends or concerns at this time.
State of Water Quality of Liard River at Liard Crossing, 1984-1994	BC Ministry of Environment and Environment Canada	monitoring	water quality	Jang, L and Pommen, LW. 1996. State of Water Quality of Liard River at Liard Crossing, 1984-1994. BC Ministry of Environment and Environment Canada	The Liard River is a major tributary of the Mackenzie River, flowing southeast from the Yukon into British Columbia, looping through northern B.C., and then flowing northeast into the Northwest Territories to the Mackenzie (Figure 1). Water quality is affected by mining and forestry. There are three water quality stations on the Liard River: Upper Crossing near the Yukon-B.C. border, Lower Crossing at Liard River, B.C., and at Fort Liard in the Northwest Territories (Figure 1). This report assesses water quality data collected at the Lower Crossing monitoring station, located at Mile 496 on the Alaska Highway at Liard River, B.C. Water quality samples were collected between 1984 and 1994 by Environment Canada. Flow was measured at a Water Survey of Canada flow gauge at the water quality monitoring station. We concluded that: · There were no environmentally significant trends in water quality that could be identified through visual examination of the data. · Total aluminum, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, lead, manganese and zinc at times exceeded water quality criteria for aquatic life or drinking water due to high levels of suspended sediment during high river flow. These metals were probably not bio-available and would be removed by drinking water treatment needed to remove turbidity. · Turbidity removal and disinfection are needed prior to drinking water use. · The river had a low sensitivity to acid inputs. · Hardness levels were generally within the optimum range for drinking water in the summer and above the optimum range in the winter. · The water was cool enough to be aesthetically pleasing for drinking, but too cold for water-contact recreation. We recommend that monitoring be terminated for the Liard River at Lower Crossing because there are no apparent water quality trends or concerns at this time.
State of Water Quality of Liard River at Upper Crossing, 1983-1994	BC Ministry of Environment and Environment Canada	monitoring	water quality	Jang, L and Pommen, LW. 1996. State of Water Quality of Liard River at Upper Crossing, 1984-1994. BC Ministry of Environment and Environment Canada	The Liard River is a major tributary of the Mackenzie River, flowing southeast from the Yukon into British Columbia, looping through northern B.C., and then flowing northeast into the Northwest Territories to the Mackenzie (Figure 1). Water quality is affected by mining and forestry. There are three water quality stations on the Liard River: Upper Crossing near the Yukon-B.C. border, Lower Crossing at Liard River, B.C., and at Fort Liard in the Northwest Territories (Figure 1). This report assesses water quality data collected at the Upper Crossing monitoring station located at the Alaska Highway bridge near the Yukon-B.C. border. Water quality samples were collected between 1983 and 1994 by Environment Canada. Flow was measured at a Water Survey of Canada flow gauge at the water quality monitoring station. We concluded that: · There were no environmentally significant trends in water quality that could be identified through visual examination of the data. · Total aluminum, cadmium, iron, manganese and zinc at times exceeded water quality criteria for drinking water or aquatic life due to high levels of suspended sediment during high river flow. These metals were probably not bio-available and would be removed by drinking water treatment needed to remove turbidity. · Turbidity and disinfection are needed prior to drinking water use. · The river had a low sensitivity to acid inputs. · Hardness levels were at or below the optimum range for drinking water in the summer, but above the optimum range in the winter months, reaching the poor range for short periods. · The water was cool enough to be aesthetically pleasing for drinking, but too cold for water-contact recreation. We recommend that monitoring be terminated for the Liard River at Upper Crossing because there are no apparent water quality trends or concerns at this time.
Stream fish management: cumulative effects of watershed disturbances on stream fish communities in the Kakwa and Simonette River Basins, Alberta	Alberta Conservation Association and Alberta Research Council	applied Research	aquatic ecology	Scrimgeour, G.J., Hvenegaard, P., Tchir, J., Kendall, S., Wildeman, A. 2003. Stream fish management: cumulative effects of watershed disturbances on stream fish communities in the Kakwa and Simonette River Basins, Alberta. Report produced by the Alberta Conservation Association (Peace River) and the Alberta Research Council (Vegreville) for the Northern Watershed Project Stakeholder Committee. Northern Watershed Project Final Report No. 3. 126 pp.	We quantified the cumulative effects of watershed disturbances arising from industrial activities on stream fish communities in the Kakwa and Simonette River basins, Alberta, Canada using data collected between 1994 and 2001. Data on fish abundance, community composition and watershed attributes, including descriptors of disturbance, to address the following three focal questions: 1) Is the presence of fish, game fish and individual species affected by watershed disturbances? 2) Are species density and biomass affected by watershed disturbances? 3) Is fish community structure affected by watershed disturbances?
Stream fish management: relationships between landscape characteristics and fish communities in the Notikewin River Basin, Alberta.	Alberta Conservation Association and Alberta Research Council	applied Research	aquatic ecology	Scrimgeour, G., Hvenegaard, P., Wildeman, A., Tchir, J., Kendall, S. 2003. Stream fish management: relationships between landscape characteristics and fish communities in the Notikewin River Basin, Alberta. Report produced by the Alberta Conservation Association (Peace River, Alberta) and the Alberta Research Council (Vegreville, Alberta) for the Northern Watershed Project Stakeholder Committee. Northern Watershed Project Final Report No. 2. 109 pp.	Spatial and temporal patterns in stream fish communities in the Notikewin River Basin, Alberta, Canada were evaluated using data from 266 stream reaches sampled between 1995 and 2001. Using these data, we addressed the following five focal questions: 1) How temporally variability is fish presence and density? 2) Is the presence of fish predictable based on stream habitat and watershed variables? 3) Do stream reach and watershed characteristics shape fish assemblage structure? 4) To what extent are relations between fish assemblages and watershed variables applicable to adjacent watersheds? and 5) To what extent are fish assemblages shaped by forest cover attributes.
Streamflow in the Omineca-Peace Region	BC Ministry of Environment	Applied Research	Surface water	Obedkoff, W. 2000. Streamflow in the Omineca-Peace Region. BC Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks.	Summary of streamflow characteristics in Omineca-Peace Region
Streamline Watershed Management Bulletin	FORREX	Applied Research	watershed mgmt	Streamline Watershed Management Bulletin	To increase communication, awareness, and knowledge of research and innovation in watershed management.
Study of Hydraulic Fracturing and Its Potential Impact on Drinking Water	US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)	applied Research	hydraulic fracturing	Study of Hydraulic Fracturing and Its Potential Impact on Drinking Water	At the request of Congress, EPA is conducting a study to better understand any potential impacts of hydraulic fracturing on drinking water resources. The scope of the research includes the full lifespan of water in hydraulic fracturing. The progress report was released in December 2012 and a draft report is expected to be released for public comment and peer review in 2014.
Summary of field investigations at Fort Nelson to examine surficial geology, assess local water wells and select sites for proposed 1969 rotary exploratory drill holes.	D.M. Callan, Water Investigations Branch , Environment, BC	applied research		Summary of field investigations at Fort Nelson to examine surficial geology, assess local water wells and select sites for proposed 1969 rotary exploratory drill holes. Includes project synopsis, sites selected for drilling, detailed site descriptions at Muskwa Flats and Fort Nelson Bench, conclusions and recommendations for drilling program, summary of legal aspects of proposed drill sites, Water Investigations Branch, 5 pages, NTS Map 094J15	Summary of field investigations at Fort Nelson to examine surficial geology, assess local water wells and select sites for proposed 1969 rotary exploratory drill holes.
Summary of field investigation to assess domestic and livestock water supply of the Peace River block, September 1947.	Land Clearing Division, BC, Author: Beamish, J.E.	applied research		Summary of field investigation to assess domestic and livestock water supply of the Peace River block, September 1947. Includes background, summary of water requirements, local geology and groundwater potential assessment, existing well, dugouts and other water source descriptions, requirements and discussion of potential government assistance policies, suggested specifications for dugout construction, Land Clearing Division, 6 pages, NTS Map 094A01	Summary of field investigation to assess domestic and livestock water supply of the Peace River block, September 1947, NTS Map 094A01
Summary of March 1970 test drilling at Chetwynd to quantitatively assess potential of thin aquifer zone located in area.	D.M. Callan, Water Investigations Branch , Environment, BC	applied research		Summary of March 1970 test drilling at Chetwynd to quantitatively assess potential of thin aquifer zone located in area. Includes background, test well drilling methods and results, drillers logs, discussion of test well problems and encountering natural gas during drilling, recommendations and conclusions, Groundwater Division, 3 pages, NTS Map 093P12	Summary of March 1970 test drilling at Chetwynd to quantitatively assess potential of thin aquifer zone located in area.
Summary of provincial water quality effectiveness evaluation results (2008-2010)	Forest & Range Evaluation Program	monitoring	water quality	Carson, B and Maloney, D. 2011. Summary of provincial water quality effectiveness evaluation results (2008-2010). FREP Extension Note #22, December 2011.
Summary of results from pumping test conducted at Fort Nelson, November 1969.	D.M. Callan, Water Investigations Branch , Environment, BC	applied research		Summary of results from pumping test conducted at Fort Nelson, November 1969. Includes synopsis, pump test methods and results, estimates of drawdown, recovery and specific capacity, water quality testing results, calculated transmissibility, well efficiency, conclusions and recommendations, well construction diagram, site map showing well locations, Groundwater Division, 8 pages, NTS Map 094J15	Summary of results from pumping test conducted at Fort Nelson, November 1969.
Surface and groundwater monitoring study	City of Dawson Creek, UNBC	Applied Research	surface water	Surface and groundwater monitoring study	Understand the hydrology of the Kiskatinaw Watershed (F. Hirshfield PhD candidate UNBC, supervisor Dr. Jueyi Sui)
Surface vegetation controls on evapotranspiration from a sub-humid Western Boreal Plain wetland	university of Alberta	applied Research	boreal hydrology	Brown, S. M., Petrone, R. M., Mendoza, C. and Devito, K. J. (2010), Surface vegetation controls on evapotranspiration from a sub-humid Western Boreal Plain wetland. Hydrol. Process., 24: 1072–1085. doi: 10.1002/hyp.7569	Wetlands in the Western Boreal Plain (WBP) of North Central Alberta exist within a moisture-deficit regime where evapotranspiration (ET) is the dominant hydrologic flux. As such these systems are extremely susceptible to the slightest climatic variability that may upset the balance between precipitation (P) and ET. Wetland ET is predominantly controlled by vegetation composition but may also vary due to moisture regimes and microclimatic factors. To address this variability in moisture regimes, ET was examined in a typical moraine-wetland-pond system of the WBP during the 2005 and 2006 snow-free seasons. Closed dynamic chamber measurements were used to gather data on plant community-scale actual evapotranspiration (ET) in an undisturbed natural bog with varying degrees of canopy cover surrounding a shallow groundwater-fed pond. For the purposes of scaling plant community ET contributions to those of the wetland, potential ET (PETEQ) was measured using a Priestley–Taylor energy balance approach at three separate wetland sites with varying aspects surrounding the central pond, along with actual evapotranspiration using a roving eddy covariance (EC) tower. Growing season peak ET rates ranged from 0·2 mm/h to 0·6 mm/h depending on the location, vegetation composition and time period. Sphagnum contributions were the greatest early in the growing season, reaching peaks of 0·6 mm/h, while lichen sites exhibited the greatest late season rates at 0·4 mm/h. Thus, Sphagnum and other nonvascular wetland plant species control ET differently throughout the growing season and as such should be considered an integral part of the moisture and water balances within wetland environments at the sub-landscape unit scale.
Surface water chemistry of burned and undisturbed watersheds on the Boreal Plain: an ecoregion approach	FORWARD Project	applied Research	boreal hydrology	Allen, EW et al. 2003. Surface water chemistry of burned and undisturbed watersheds on the Boreal Plain: an ecoregion approach. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science, 2003, 2(S1): S73-S86, 10.1139/s03-035	The water chemistry of the euphotic zone in 12 lakes within burned and reference watersheds on Alberta's Boreal Plain was surveyed two years post-fire. Five burned and four reference lakes were located in the Boreal Foothills (mean elevation = 1048 m) and three reference lakes were situated at lower elevations in the Boreal Mixedwood ecoregion (748 m). Mean dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration in lake water from burned watersheds was 1.4-fold higher than in lake water from reference Foothills watersheds, whereas lake colour increased with the area of catchment burned divided by lake volume (r = 0.98). Reference Mixedwood lakes had higher mean total phosphorus (TP, 1.8-fold) and chlorophyll a (chl a; 4.4-fold) concentrations than reference Foothills lakes. Ten additional lakes from a previous study in boreal Alberta were used to further compare water chemistry between ecoregions. Boreal Mixedwood lakes (n = 13) had higher TP (2.3-fold), chl a (3-fold), and Ca2+ + Mg2+ (3.3-fold) concentrations than Boreal Foothills lakes (n = 9). Our data suggest an influence of forest fire on lake chemistry in the Boreal Foothills, and demonstrate the need for an ecoregion approach to detect the impacts of watershed disturbance on the Boreal Plain. Key words: watershed disturbance, forest fire, lake nutrients, lake elevation, phosphorus, chlorophyll a, anions, cations, dissolved organic carbon.
Surface Water Study - Horn River Basin	Geoscience BC	applied research	surface water	Golder Associates. 2010. Surface Water Study - Horn River Basin (DRAFT REPORT). Ministry of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources.	The Ministry of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources (MEMPR) is collaborating with the Ministry of Environment, First Nations and the Horn River Producers Group (HRPG) in an effort to minimize the environmental footprint of oil and gas development activities in the Horn River Basin (HRB). MEMPR commissioned Golder Associates Ltd. (Golder) to undertake a surface water study of the HRB. The main objectives of the study were to gain additional understanding of the surface water availability in the HRB and potential for water scarcity as gas development activities continue to expand. The outcomes of this study are intended to assist surface water allocation decision makers and identify gaps in surface water information.
Synthesis of technical information on forest wetlands in Canada	NCASI	applied Research	wetland	Smith, C et al. 2007. Synthesis of technical information on forest wetlands in Canda. NCASI. Technical Bulletin No. 938.	The present total estimated wetland coverage in Canada is 1,240,368 km2 (Tarnocai 2001). The Canadian Wetland Classification System recognizes five major classes or types of wetlands: bogs, fens, marshes, swamps, and shallow open water. Wetlands can be broadly grouped into organic wetlands (also called peatlands) and mineral wetlands. Organic wetlands include fens and bogs, while mineral wetlands include swamps, marshes, and shallow open water. Both peatlands and mineral wetland classes have gradients in richness and wetness that produce a number of sub-classes (e.g., thicket swamp, conifer swamp etc.) within the five major classes. These classes and their ecological properties are discussed in detail. In addition, we supply a listing and brief review of classification systems used for wetlands across the country.
Technical Data Report - Surface Water and Sediment Quality: Enbridge Northern Gateway Project	AMEC Earth & Environmental	monitoring	surface water	AMEC Earth & Environmental. 2010. Technical Data Report - Surface Water and Sediment Quality: Enbridge Northern Gateway Project.	The purpose of this document is to describe the baseline characteristics of surface water and sediment quality, which will be assessed in the environmental and socio-economic assessment (ESA). This information will be used to identify construction and operational measures that will be needed to limit or avoid environmental effects on these biophysical elements. It will also be used as a basis against which environmental effects on surface water quality will be assessed. The Enbridge Northern Gateway Project (the Project) water quality database was developed using surface water and sediment quality data from different sources and data collected during the 2005 field survey. This baseline technical data report includes:  sources for water and sediment quality information  field programs and data collection methods  an overview of the water quality within major basins and hydrological zones, based on available historical information  surface water and sediment quality along the route at watercourse crossings, where applicable  a comparison and analysis of compliance with applicable Alberta, British Columbia and federal water and sediment quality guidelines
Terrain stability, terrain hazard, and surficial mapping studies conducted in northeast British Columbia	BC Ministry of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources	inventory	landslides	Terrain stability, terrain hazard, and surficial mapping studies conducted in northeast British Columbia	bibliography of available studies on terrain in NE BC
Terrestrial Ecosystem Information (TEI)	Ministry of Environment	Information Management	program	Terrestrial Ecosystem Information (TEI)	To improve access to terrestrial information collected through various inventory projects
The B.C. Peace Region Groundwater Initiative. To explore for groundwater in buried valleys and to compile available information on area geology and hydrogeology into a GIS database. The database will be used to develop a regional groundwater management strategy for the area. Cowen, A. 1998	Prairie Farm Rehabilitation Administration. Cowen, A. 1998			The B.C. Peace Region Groundwater Initiative. A program to explore for groundwater in buried valleys and to compile available information on area geology and hydrogeology into a GIS database.	The database will be used to develop a regional groundwater management strategy for the area ( NTS Map 094A01)
The development and application of a decision support system for sustainable forest management on the Boreal Plain.	Canadian Forest Service	Applied Research	boreal hydrology	The development and application of a decision support system for sustainable forest management on the Boreal Plain. 2003. Van Damme, L.; Russell, J.S.; Doyon, F.; Duinker, P.N.; Gooding, T.; Hirsch, K.G.; Rothwell, R.L.; Rudy, A. Environmental Engineering and Science 2(S1): S23-S34.	Millar Western Forest Products Ltd. manages a forest in west-central Alberta under a Forest Management Agreement (FMA) with the Government of Alberta. Part of Millar Western's planning process brought researchers together to develop a decision support system (DSS) for forest management planning and monitoring programs. Four modules — timber supply, biodiversity, FIRE, and WATER — were built to evaluate, with the help of indicators of sustainable forest management, current and future forest conditions predicted from computer simulations of alternative management scenarios. In the first round of assessment four management scenarios, distinct by their level of silviculture intensification and by the spatial clearcut layout pattern, were compared. Such comparison has demonstrated that (1) the current forest management scenario improved moose habitat at the expense of timber supply, (2) all scenarios had similar fire risk, (3) generated increases in peak flow and water yield of selected watersheds, and (4) slightly impoverished forest biodiversity. All scenarios were examined in light of a computer-simulated natural disturbance benchmark. This led to landscape design scenarios to reduce fire risk and balance biodiversity indicators with timber supply objectives, one of which was eventually selected for implementation. The company's monitoring and research program is also highly focused on improving DSS modules and the underlying data, hence its association with the Forest Watershed and Riparian Disturbance (FORWARD) project, which considers the effects of forest management on aquatic ecosystem indicators.
The effects of drainage on substrate water content at several forested Alberta peatlands	University of Alberta	applied research	wetland	Rothwell, RL et al. 1996. The effects of drainage on substrate water content at several forested Alberta peatlands. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 26: 53-62.	Examining changes in soil moisture and peat properties (bulk density) relative to water table depth and ditch spacing.
The impact of gravel extraction on groundwater dependent wetlands and lakes in the Boreal Plains, Canada	HEAD Project	applied Research	groundwater-surface water interactions	Smerdon, BD et al. 2012. The impact of gravel extraction on groundwater dependent wetlands and lakes in the Boreal Plains, Canada. Environmental Earth Sciences 67: 1249-1259.	The impact of gravel excavation on a groundwater dependent ecosystem (GDE) in a glacial outwash plain was determined using a combination of time-series stable isotopic measurements (δ2H and δ18O) and a numerical flow model of lake–groundwater interaction. Isotopic analyses of the lake and groundwater indicated a shift from a dominance of evaporative enrichment to more meteoric conditions, confirming the hypothesis of increased recharge following forest clearing and gravel extraction from an esker on the outwash plain. The effect of these land-use changes on source water for the GDE was quantified by simulating the lake water budget, seepage, and groundwater conditions for a period spanning pre- and post-mining activity. Enhanced cycling of shallow groundwater, driven by increased recharge in the gravel excavation area, was predicted to cause annual groundwater discharge pulses greater than baseline conditions for the groundwater-fed lake. The additional groundwater discharge represents approximately 4% of the annual lake budget, increasing the flushing rate of the lake. The influence of regional groundwater conditions, represented by variation of water table gradient and outwash hydraulic conductivity, and an alternative excavation location were investigated in a sensitivity analysis. Simulation results illustrate that a simple groundwater capture zone analysis for the GDE could be used to determine a location for gravel excavation that would reduce impact on GDE water source.
The impacts of forest harvest and wildfire on soils and hydrology in temperate forests: A baseline to develop hypotheses for the Boreal Plain	FORWARD Project	Applied Research	boreal hydrology	Chanasyk, DS et al. 2003. The impacts of forest harvest and wildfire on soils and hydrology in temperate forests: A baseline to develop hypotheses for the Boreal Plain. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science, 2003, 2(S1): S51-S62, 10.1139/s03-034	This component of the Forest Riparian and Watershed Disturbance (FORWARD) project evaluates soils in burned, harvested, and undisturbed watersheds to quantify effects of disturbance on forest soils in the Boreal Plain. The current knowledge of disturbance effects on soils is reviewed, with a focus on temperate ecosystems, to generate the following hypotheses to be tested in field studies. Harvest and fire should affect surface horizons more than mineral horizons. Forest harvest should affect soils most through compaction, the degree being mediated by soil texture, soil moisture, and harvest operations. Nutrient export will likely increase from logged watersheds, with changes in microbial processes being more strongly associated with nitrogen (N) losses and erosional processes more strongly linked to phosphorus (P) losses. Effects of fire on Boreal Plain soils will increase with fire severity. Coarser soils after fire should be subject to hydrophobicity, erosion, and low infiltration rates. Chemical changes should include increased solubility of oxidized cations. N losses should exceed P losses and be due to volatilization and leaching of mineralized N compounds. Particulate P should comprise P loss; although P availability may increase after fire, soluble P movement from the forest environment will be limited by P uptake by soils. Key words: watershed disturbance, forest soils, forest fire, forest harvest, soil properties, nutrient cycling
The influence of climate and water table depth on groundwater recharge in shallow outwash aquifers	HEAD Project	applied Research	boreal hydrology	Smerdon, B.D., Mendoza, C.A., and Devito, K.J. (2008). The influence of climate and water table depth on groundwater recharge in shallow outwash aquifers. Water Resources Research, 44, W08427 (doi:10.1029/2007WR005950).	Hypothetical one-dimensional models of unsaturated flow were used to estimate the probability of groundwater recharge to shallow, glacial outwash aquifers. Simulations were supported by field data, previous three-dimensional modeling, and cross-sectional models of water table response to precipitation events for a research area in northern Alberta, Canada. Groundwater recharge rates were found to depend on the year-to-year climate variation, the depth to the water table, and were largely driven by annual snowmelt. Simulations indicate that in summer months, when transpiration and canopy interception were considered explicitly, groundwater recharge was negligible. For water table depths less than 6 m below ground surface, the occurrence of recharge depends on climatic conditions (water deficit or surplus) of the current and previous year, and can vary from 0 to 266 mm yr−1. For water table depths of 6 m or more, recharge will depend on climate conditions from the most recent decade, have less annual variability, and a mean annual rate of approximately 45 mm yr−1.
The Mackenzie River Basin Board's 2012 Issues Report	Mackenzie River Basin Board	Public Reporting	reporting	Mackenzie River Basin Board. 2012. The Mackenzie River Basin Board's 2012 Issues Report: Oil Sands Development, Hydroelectric Development, and Climate Change in the Mackenzie River Basin.	The MRBB recently assessed three topics identified in the SOAER 2003 as key pressures in the Mackenzie River Basin: oil sands development, hydroelectric development, and climate change. The MRBB considered both published scientific literature and available Traditional Knowledge. This Issues Report 2012 provides an overview of these key pressures, and has been prepared as a follow-up to the State of the Aquatic Ecosystem Report 2003.
The modern practice of hydraulic fracturing: A focus on Canadian resources	Petroleum Technology Alliance Canada and Science and Community Environmental Knowledge (SCEK) Fund	Applied Research	hydraulic fracturing	All Consulting. 2012. The modern practice of hydraulic fracturing: A focus on Canadian Resources. Prepared for: PTAC and SCEK.	This primer has been compiled to provide a review of the practice of hydraulic fracturing and its importance to the development of Canadian shale oil and natural gas resource plays. Discussions address the technology involved with hydraulic fracturing, chemicals used, variations in North American shale geology, oil and gas regulations, best management practices, potential pathways of fluid migration and the risk involved, and past incidents attributed to hydraulic fracturing. The intent of the Primer is to provide a baseline of information that illustrates that no two shales are alike, understanding and designing a fracture requires specific data that must be collected, technology has made many shale gas resources available for extraction but only in the last few years, regulations are in place to protect groundwater and the environment, best management practices are employed by industry, and although there are past incidents the risks of contamination from the act of fracturing the rock are minute.
The Short-term Impacts of Aspen Clear-cutting on Upland Groundwater Recharge Clear-cutting Impacts on Groundwater Recharge	University of Alberta	applied Research	groundwater-surface water interactions	Hairabedian, M. 2011. The Short-term Impacts of Aspen Clear-cutting on Upland Groundwater Recharge Clear-cutting Impacts on Groundwater Recharge. University of Alberta, MSc Thesis	The impacts of aspen clear-cutting on upland groundwater recharge are presented based on two years (2007-2008) of the five year (2005-2009) HEAD2 NSERC-CRD paired-catchment experiment. Research was conducted at the Utikuma Region Study Area (URSA), 370 km north of Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, in the Boreal Plain ecozone. Results show greater soil water content in the root zone and potential for recharge into the deeper unsaturated zone during the first year of regeneration. Sites with shallow water table levels (<600 cm) increased more than sites under uncut conditions. Sites with deeper water table levels (>600 cm) responded minimally, if at all, to spring-melt and summer storms suggesting that water exchanges with the atmosphere occurred to and from the unsaturated zone only during the first-year regeneration. Upland groundwater gradients to adjacent pond-peatland complexes persisted at least ten times longer under clear-cut than under uncut conditions. Water table trends recovered to uncut conditions by the second year of regeneration.
The Soil Landscapes of British Columbia	BC Ministry of Environment	inventory	soil	Valentine, K.W.G., Sprout, P.N., Baker, T.E., Lawkulich, L.M. (Eds.), 1978, The Soil Landscapes of British Columbia. BC Ministry of Environment, Resource Analysis Branch. 197p.	overview of soils and landforms in BC
The Sustainable Management of Groundwater in Canada	Council of Canadian Academies	Applied research	groundwater	Council of Canadian Academies. 2009. The Sustainable Management of Groundwater in Canada.	The Government of Canada, through Natural Resources Canada, asked the Council of Canadian Academies to examine what is needed to achieve sustainable management of Canada’s groundwater resources. The Expert Panel’s report, which was published in May 2009, concluded that Canada is well positioned to be a world-leader in the development of sustainable management practices to protect and preserve groundwater supplies; however to do so, Canada must take action now. The interjurisdictional nature of groundwater necessitates the development of a cooperative approach, uniting municipal, provincial, and federal government agencies in the development of scientific programs and policies that will ensure Canada’s groundwater resources are managed sustainably. Such cooperation will be necessary if Canada is to avoid the kinds of catastrophic over-usage or contamination issues experienced by some other countries.
This study was commissioned to map the surficial geology, sediments, and landforms of the Peace River Region, and to assess the available subsurface data, including well log records and sediment samples. The complex Quaternary history of the region is examined. Due to climate warming and the northward movement of crop agriculture the regions provision of adequate water for agricultural purposes has become more important. Memorial University of Newfoundland, 50 pp., NTS Map 094A01	Memorial University of Newfoundland, Author: Catto, Norm R.	applied research		This study was commissioned to map the surficial geology, sediments, and landforms of the Peace River Region, and to assess the available subsurface data, including well log records and sediment samples. The complex Quaternary history of the region is examined. Due to climate warming and the northward movement of crop agriculture the regions provision of adequate water for agricultural purposes has become more important. Memorial University of Newfoundland, 50 pp., NTS Map 094A01	To map the surficial geology, sediments, and landforms of the Peace River Region, and to assess the available subsurface data, including well log records and sediment samples.
Timing Window	Ministry of Environment	Water Management Programs and Tools	ecosystems	Timing Window	Gives guidance on times when work within a stream may be done without harm to fish, wildlife or habitat
Timing window for instream works	BC Ministry of Environment	Decision Support Tool	aquatic ecosystems	BC MoE Omineca Region. 2004. Omineca Region Timing Windows.	Provides timing windows for instream works.
Tools for climate change vulnerability assessments for watersheds	Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME)	Applied Research	watershed mgmt	Nelitz, M et al. 2013. Tools for climate change vulnerability assessments of watersheds. CCME PN 1494.	"This compendium of tools was prepared for use by technical experts, adaptation planners and resource managers to develop climate change vulnerability assessments of water quantity and water quality at a watershed scale."
Transmission and the Environment	BC Hydro	Water Management Programs and Tools	ecosystems	Transmission and the Environment	To ensure environmentally responsible practices in the delivery of power through transmission lines
Travels in the Canadian Cordillera	FLNRO	applied Research	landslides	Geertsema M, Cruden DM. 2014. Travels in the Canadian Cordillera. 4th Canadian Conference on Geohazards	The travel angles of landslides are important parameter in risk analyses. Here we examine the first use of the concept in Canada, applied to the Frank slide. We also report on travel angles of an additional 61 long runout landslides in the Canadian Cordillera, mostly in northern BC. The lowest travel angles we report belong to the following groups (in ascending order) sensitive glaciomarine sediments, earth flows generated by rock slides, diamicts derived from clay shales, advance phase glaciolacustrine sediments, rock avalanches on glaciers, rock slide – debris flows, rock slide debris avalanches, and rock avalanches in general.
Trends and variability in the hydrological regime of the Mackenzie River Basin		Applied research		Abdul Aziz, OI and Burn, DH. 2006. Trends and variability in the hydrological regime of the Mackenzie River Basin. Journal of Hydrology 319: 282-294.	Abstract Trends and variability in the hydrological regime were analyzed for the Mackenzie River Basin in northern Canada. The procedure utilized the Mann–Kendall non-parametric test to detect trends, the Trend Free Pre-Whitening (TFPW) approach for correcting time-series data for autocorrelation and a bootstrap resampling method to account for the cross-correlation structure of the data. A total of 19 hydrological and six meteorological variables were selected for the study. Analysis was conducted on hydrological data from a network of 54 hydrometric stations and meteorological data from a network of 10 stations. The results indicated that several hydrological variables exhibit a greater number of significant trends than are expected to occur by chance. Noteworthy were strong increasing trends over the winter month flows of December to April as well as in the annual minimum flow and weak decreasing trends in the early summer and late fall flows as well as in the annual mean flow. An earlier onset of the spring freshet is noted over the basin. The results are expected to assist water resources managers and policy makers in making better planning decisions in the Mackenzie River Basin.
Use of Stabilized Stream-Monitoring Sections to Monitor Annual Streamflow on the Alberta Boreal Plain	FORWARD Project	Applied Research	boreal hydrology	Paul Dinsmore, W., Serediak, M., Putz, G., Prepas, E., and Smith, D. (2013). ”Use of Stabilized Stream-Monitoring Sections to Monitor Annual Streamflow on the Alberta Boreal Plain.” Journal of Cold Regions Engineering, 27(3), 168–182.	Streamflow in small forested watersheds on the Boreal Plain of western Canada can be a challenge to monitor due to high variation in flow, shifting channel morphology, aufeis obstructions, shallow channel depth, and debris in the channel. Intensive monitoring in natural channels can overcome some of these problems, but frequent assessment and recalibration of streamflow-stage relationships are necessary. Experience over 8 years indicates that in-channel structures designed to provide a stabilized stream-monitoring section (SSMS) proved beneficial to monitoring efforts during the ice-free season. The SSMS facilitated accurate gauging of the highest and lowest flows encountered during this period, provided a relatively stable foundation against streambank and channel erosion, and allowed passage of fish and the majority of debris and sediments. Functionality of the structures was markedly limited during ice-in conditions, but was improved with the addition of fitted canopies and propane heating systems.
Vegetation Resources Inventory	Ministry of Forest, Lands and Natural Resource Operations	Inventory	water resource	Vegetation Resources Inventory	An inventory of the status of working forests (e.g. age, density, species)
Waste Discharge Authorizations	Ministry of Environment	Information Management	database	Waste Discharge Authorizations	Access to waste discharge authorization documents that are publically viewable
Water Act Approval Points - Section 8 and 9	Ministry of Forest, Lands and Natural Resource Operations	Inventory	water allocation	Water Act Approval Points - Section 8 and 9	Inventory of short term water use permits (Section 8) and approvals for changes in and about a stream (Section 9)
Water Act Modernization - Protecting Stream Health and Aquatic Environments	Ministry of Environment	Applied Research	aquatic ecosystems	Water Act Modernization - Protecting Stream Health and Aquatic Environments	Provide information to support the inclusion of environmental flows in the modernization of the Water Act
Water and Air Baseline Monitoring Guidance Document for Mine Proponents and Operators	Ministry of Environment & Ministry of Mining, Energy, and Natural Gas	Monitoring	protocols & procedures	Water and Air Baseline Monitoring Guidance Document for Mine Proponents and Operators	Document that describes best practices for conducting baseline monitoring for mine applications.
Water and nutrient inputs, outputs, and storage in Canadian boreal forest wetlands: a review	FORWARD Project	Applied Research	wetland	Pelster, D et al. 2008. Water and nutrient inputs, outputs, and storage in Canadian boreal forest wetlands: a review. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science, 7(S1): 35-50, 10.1139/S08-024	Boreal wetlands, primarily peatlands, are important global carbon (C) reservoirs and integral components of regional hydrological networks. This paper summarizes our current state of knowledge regarding components of water and nutrient budgets in northern wetlands, with a focus on Canada. Boreal wetland water budgets are strongly influenced by the following: seasonal weather patterns as they relate to the timing of precipitation and meltwater inputs and evapotranspiration (ET) losses; vegetation cover in the wetland and surrounding uplands as it relates to rain and snow interception and evapotranspiration; and connectivity of the wetland to the regional hydrological network. Key factors that influence boreal wetland phosphorus (P) budgets are: spatial and temporal variability in the water table as they relate to reduction–oxidation conditions and rewetting of highly decomposed peat; concentrations of metals and ions involved in P complexation and release; vegetation age and type (herbaceous versus woody); and seasonal weather patterns as they relate to water retention time. As with other components of the boreal forest, wetlands are often limited in bioavailable nitrogen (N), therefore bulk deposition and symbiotic fixation are key N sources. Within many wetlands, N is rapidly cycled through vegetation and microbial communities, and converted to gaseous N or exported as organic N in outflows. In terms of C budgets, boreal wetlands are important reservoirs, converting inorganic and organic C inputs to peat. Climate change and anthropogenic N loading threaten the water and C balance in boreal wetlands. Keywords: boreal forest, wetlands, peatlands, hydrology, phosphorus, nitrogen, carbon
Water and Sediment Quality Monitoring Network	Ministry of Environment	Monitoring	status and trend	Water and Sediment Quality Monitoring Network	A monitoring program of water and sediment quality to support the setting of water quality guidelines and objectives and to track environmental trends
Water availability in peatland of northeastern BC	Ministry of Energy, Mines and Natural Gas	Applied Research	surface water	Water availability in peatland of northeastern BC	To outline important information sources for the Horn River Basin and identify features that will affect hydrological predictions in the region.
Water balance of a burned and unburned forested boreal peatland	McMaster University	applied research	wetland	Thompson, D. K., Benscoter, B. W. and Waddington, J. M. (2013), Water balance of a burned and unburned forested boreal peatland. Hydrol. Process.. doi: 10.1002/hyp.10074	We examined the water balance of a forested ombrotrophic peatland and adjacent burned peatland in the boreal plain of western Canada over a 3-year period. Complete combustion of foliage and fine branches dramatically increased shortwave radiation inputs to the peat surface while halting all tree transpiration at the burned site. End-of-winter snowpack was 7–25% higher at the burned site likely due to decreased ablation from the tree canopy at the unburned site. Shrub regrowth at the burned site was rapid post-fire, and shading by the shrub canopy in the burned site approached that of the unburned site within 3 years after fire. Site-averaged surface resistance to evaporation was not different between sites, though surface resistance in hollows was lower in the burned site. Water loss at both burned and unburned sites is largely driven by surface evaporative losses. Evaporation at the burned site marginally exceeded the sum of pre-fire transpiration and interception at the unburned site, suggesting that evapotranspiration during the growing season was 20–40 mm greater at the burned peatland. Although the net change in water storage during the growing season was largely unchanged by fire, the lack of low-density surface peat in the burned site appears to have decreased specific yield, leading to greater water table decline at the burned site despite similar net change in storage.
Water Conservation	Ministry of Environment	Water Stewardship Plans	planning	Water Conservation	Provide guidance for water conservation in BC
Water Intake (Extraction Points) for Human Consumption BC	Ministry of Environment	Inventory	water allocation	Water Intake (Extraction Points) for Human Consumption BC	A partial dataset of water intakes for human drinking systems under the authorization of a Health Authority of BC
Water Licences Database	Ministry of Forest, Lands and Natural Resource Operations	Inventory	water allocation	Water Licences Database	Database of water licences in BC
Water management techniques for resource roads in wetlands: A state of practice review	FP Innovations	Water Management Programs and Tools	Wetlands	Gillies, C. Water management techniques for resource roads in wetlands: A state of practice review. FP Innovations.	The objective of this document is to provide an overview of the current state of practice for constructing resource roads in wetlands, particularly in boreal environments. The focus is on water management and the maintenance of hydrology in wetland systems in forested environments.
Water Potential of the Mississippian Debolt Formation in the Horn River Basin, Northeastern British Columbia	Ministry of Energy, Mines and Natural Gas	Applied Research	geoscience	Water Potential of the Mississippian Debolt Formation in the Horn River Basin, Northeastern British Columbia	Assessment on the suitability of subsurface strata in the Horn River Basin, in particular the Debolt Formation, to host aquifers that would meet the increasing water demand associated with shale gas development
Water Potential of the Mississippian Debolt Formation in the Horn River Basin, Northeastern British Columbia	MEMPR	Applied research			Water demand in the Horn River Basin is increasing rapidly as a result of shale gas exploration and development. The BC MEM&PR is studying the suitability of shallow subsurface strata, the Debolt Formation in particular, to supply the water needs of industry.
Water quality effectiveness evaluation results (2008-2012): Results and opportunities for continued improvement	Forest & Range Evaluation Program	monitoring	water quality	Carson, B and Maloney, D. 2013. Water quality effectiveness evaluation results (2008-2012): Results and opportunities for continued improvement. FREP Extension Note #29, December 2013.	Key message: Everyone involved in designing, building, maintaining and deactivating roads has a role to play in sediment management. The importance of addressing fine sediment reduction is critical through all stages of a road’s life, starting with surveying the road’s location and ending only when the road is permanently deactivated.
Water Quality Guideline (Criteria)	Ministry of Environment	Water Management Programs and Tools	surface water	Water Quality Guideline (Criteria)	To create science based water quality guidelines to support decision making
Water Quality Objectives	Ministry of Environment	Water Management Programs and Tools	surface water	Water Quality Objectives	A process for setting water quality objectives for specific water bodies
Water Quality Procedure Guides and Sampling Manuals	Ministry of Environment	Monitoring	protocols & procedures	Water Quality Procedure Guides and Sampling Manuals	Protocols and procedures for designing water quality studies and collecting water quality samples
Water quality source identification in the Kiskatinaw watershed near Dawson Creek, BC (Interim Report)	BC Ministry of Environment	Applied Research	Water quality	Matscha, G et al. 2006. Water quality source identification in the Kiskatinaw watershed near Dawson Creek, BC (Interim Report). 54 p.	"This document is an interim summary of first year results under the source identification project in the Kiskatinaw Watershed. 14 sites throughout the watershed have been sampled 6 times over one year. The report will compare these data to previous studies in the Kiskatinaw watershed and will draw preliminary conclusions on which additional work can be done. This exercise will focus on parameters that exceed or approach provincial drinking water quality and/or aquatic life guidelines."
Water Quantity and Availability Indicators for Canada	Environment Canada	Public Reporting	water indicators	Water Quantity and Availability Indicators for Canada	Present national information on status and trends in water availability
Water Reserves/Restrictions	Ministry of Environment	Water Management Programs and Tools	surface water	Water Reserves/Restrictions	Provide information about water bodies with water reserves or restrictions
Water Resource Management Locations	Ministry of Forest, Lands and Natural Resource Operations	Water Management Programs and Tools	ecosystems	Water Resource Management Locations	Designation of sensitive streams and protected rivers under the Fish Protection Act
Water Resources Atlas	Ministry of Environment	Decision Support Tool	interactive map	Water Resources Atlas	Interactive map application with enhanced query functionality to enable drilling down to water related data (iMap application)
Watershed-based fish values monitoring protocol (WFVM) for watersheds with high fish values	FLNRO and MoE	water management Programs and Tools	fish habitat	Watershed -based fish values monitoring protocol (WFVM) for watersheds with high fish values	Using various statutes the provincial government can set land-use management objectives to protect the health and integrity of watersheds with high fish values. For example, under the Forest and Range Practices Act (FRPA) and the Oil and Gas Activities Act (OGAA), the province is developing policy and procedures that will guide a program for evaluating and legally designating basins as fisheries sensitive watersheds (FSW). FSW designation includes setting specific objectives aimed at directing management activities in a manner that maintains and protects habitat conditions over time that are essential for supporting healthy fish habitat and in turn fish populations (e.g., hydrology, stream bed dynamics, channel integrity, water quality and quantity, and cumulative hydrological effects). Under the Land Act watersheds intended to provide a comparable level of protection have received similar designations (e.g. "important fisheries watersheds")
Watershed prioritization project: year end 2002/03 final report. Ministry of Environment non-point source water quality monitoring program.	BC Ministry of Environment	Applied Research	Water quality	Rex Environmental Services. 2003. Watershed prioritization project: year end 2002/03 final report. Ministry of Environment non-point source water quality monitoring program.	"In June 2002, the Ministry of Environment (MOE) commissioned Rex Environmental Services (RES) to develop a non-point source1 (NPS) water quality planning and monitoring program for watersheds within the Omineca-Peace Region (OP). Watersheds were priorized according to their risk of NPS contamination and high risk areas were selected to be monitored. If pollutant levels are found to be persistent or severe in these watersheds, follow-up source assessments will be completed to locate centers of contamination. Following this, appropriate management plans will be established to preserve acceptable and/or improve poor water quality conditions. This report outlines the selection processes used to rank regional watersheds. Prior to discussing these processes, a brief review of NPS activities and their potential effects on water quality is provided."
Watershed Research	Ministry of Forest, Lands and Natural Resource Operations	Applied Research	watershed mgmt	Watershed Research	To provide knowledge and expertise to develop policies and identify sound practices to minimize forestry-related impacts on hydrology, stream channels, and fish and riparian habitats
Water Study in Northeast British Columbia: Groundwater Quality and Gas Testing	Custodians of the Peace Country Society and GW Solutions Inc.	monitoring	groundwater	Custodians of the Peace Country and GW Solutions. 2013. Water Study in Northeast British Columbia: Groundwater Quality and Gas Testing. Funded by the Peace River Regional Districut and The Real Estate Foundation of BC	Groundwater quality testing in Feb 2013 in 16 wells and one pond for parameters that would indicate: (1) general GW characterization; (2) hydraulic fracturing fluid contaminating shallow GW; (3) natural gas migrating from deep formations into shallow GW
Water Survey of Canada (WSC)	Environment Canada	Monitoring	status and trend	Water Survey of Canada (WSC)	The national authority responsible for the collection, interpretation and dissemination of standardized water resource data and information in Canada.
Water Use in Oil and Gas Activities	Oil and Gas Commission	Public Reporting	oil and gas	Water Use in Oil and Gas Activities	Quarterly reporting of water volumes approved under temporary permits and the actual water used within each watershed
WELLS database	Ministry of Environment	Inventory	water resource	WELLS database	Information on existing wells taken from driller's construction reports
Wetland dynamics and hydrologic function in Fort Nelson watersheds (aka Fort Nelson Watershed Monitoring)	Ministry of Forest, Lands and Natural Resource Operations	Applied Research	aquatic ecosystems	Wetland dynamics and hydrologic function in Fort Nelson watersheds (aka Fort Nelson Watershed Monitoring)	Monitoring indicators of wetland dynamics and hydrologic function in Fort Nelson watersheds to gain a better understanding of boreal wetland flow dynamics necessary for creating water budgets.
Wetland forest road construction	Canadian Forest Service	Applied Research	wetland	Wetland forest road construction. (Construction d’une route forestière en milieu humide). 1993. Forestry Canada. Forestry Canada, Maritimes Region, Fredericton, New Brunswick. R&D Technical Note number 19. 4 p.	Technical note outlining construction of roads through wetland landscapes
Wetlands of British Columbia - A Guide to Identification	BC Ministry of Forests	water management Programs and Tools	wetlands	MacKenzie, WH and Moran, JR. 2004. Wetlands of British Columbia: A Guide to Identification. BC Ministry of Forests, Forest Science Program. Land Management Handbook No. 52.	wetland classication system for BC
Wetland Way: Interim Guidelines for Wetland Protection and Conservation in British Columbia	Wetland Stewardship Partnership	water management Programs and Tools	wetlands	Wetland Stewardship Partnership. 2009. Wetland Way: Interim Guidelines for Wetland Protection and Conservation in British Columbia.	This document is written primarily for people who are planning some form of activity or development near wetlands, as well as those looking for guidance on ways to best maintain the high ecological values in these areas. A healthy natural environment is the foundation of British Columbia‘s (B.C.‘s) economy and quality of life. Wetlands are among the most biologically diverse, productive, and important life support systems on earth. They are integral to the functioning of many important ecosystems and life forms in B.C. They also provide people with a wide range of beneficial services, from flood control and water supply to recreational opportunities. Often, these services are unrecognized and undervalued, leading to the loss or impairment of wetlands—and thus the services they had provided are either costly or impossible to replace.
Wildfire effects on water quality in forest catchments: A review with implications for water supply		applied Research	water quality	Smith, HG et al. 2011. Wildfire effects on water quality in forest catchments: A review with implications for water supply. Journal of Hydrology 396: 170-192.	Wildfires burn extensive forest areas around the world each year. In many locations, fire-prone forest catchments are utilised for the supply of potable water to small communities up to large cities. Following wildfire, increased erosion rates and changes to runoff generation and pollutant sources may greatly increase fluxes of sediment, nutrients and other water quality constituents, potentially contaminating water supplies. Most research to date has focused on suspended sediment exports and concentrations after wildfire. Reported first year post-fire suspended sediment exports varied from 0.017 to 50 t ha−1 year−1 across a large range of catchment sizes (0.021–1655 km2). This represented an estimated increase of 1–1459 times unburned exports. Maximum reported concentrations of total suspended solids in streams for the first year after fire ranged from 11 to ∼500,000 mg L−1. Similarly, there was a large range in first year post-fire stream exports of total N (1.1–27 kg ha−1 year−1) and total P (0.03–3.2 kg ha−1 year−1), representing a multiple change of 0.3–431 times unburned, while View the MathML source exports of 0.04–13.0 kg ha−1 year−1 (3–250 times unburned) have been reported. View the MathML source, View the MathML source, and NH3/View the MathML source concentrations in streams and lakes or reservoirs may increase after wildfire but appear to present a generally low risk of exceeding drinking water guidelines. Few studies have examined post-fire exports of trace elements. The limited observations of trace element concentrations in streams after wildfire found high levels (well over guidelines) of Fe, Mn, As, Cr, Al, Ba, and Pb, which were associated with highly elevated sediment concentrations. In contrast, Cu, Zn, and Hg were below or only slightly above guideline values. Elevated Na+, Cl− and View the MathML source solute yields have been recorded soon after fire, while reports of concentrations of these constituents were mostly confined to coniferous forest areas in North America, where maximum sampled values were well below recommended limits. Likewise, reported wildfire effects on dissolved organic carbon were generally minor and elevated concentrations largely reflected background conditions. Available cyanide concentrations in small streams may approach levels of concern soon after fire, but increases are likely to be of short duration. Post-fire concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in streams have been found to increase but remained within the recommended limit. Large increases in exports and concentrations of some constituents after wildfire indicate the potential for impacts on water supply from forest catchments. In response, various water treatment measures may be required and in the absence of adequate treatment facilities or alternative sources, water supplies may be vulnerable to disruption.
Window-Babcock Water Quality and Mitigation Study	Lorax Environmental	applied Research	water quality	Lorax Environmental. 2013. Window-Babcock Water Quality and Mitigation Study. Completed for Teck Coal Ltd	The proposed Quintette Project is an open pit coal mine that includes the Window Pit and associated Window Spoil. These facilities are located within the Babcock Creek catchment, which drains to Flatbed Creek and then to the Murray River. Project effects on water quality have been estimated in support of permitting the Quintette Re-start Project. An update to water quality estimates has been completed in response to QMDRC comments. Water quality estimates and screenings have been completed for Babcock Tributaries and Babcock Creek, which are located downstream of Peace River Coal operations (permitted Trend Project and proposed Roman Project).
Workshop on Water Issues in BC's Peace Region	Fraser Basin Council	Applied Research	water management	Fraser Basin Council. 2012. Workshop on Water Issues in BC's Peace Region. Fraser Basin Council. 31 p.	"This report reflects an initial scan of current water issues in the Peace Region as well as current and potential future actions that can be taken to address key water issues."
Yukon Permafrost Network	Yukon Permafrost Network	monitoring	permafrost	Yukon Permafrost Network	The Yukon Permafrost Knowledge Network has been created to facilitate and encourage cooperative relationships between those active in permafrost related work and research activities.
Yukon Water	Yukon Water	Information Management	inventory	Yukon Water	Site provides information on Yukon's water resources and how our water is used, managed and monitored.